Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. He is best known for his theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space and time, and his famous equation E=mc², which shows the equivalence of mass and energy.

Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He studied physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and later worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland. In 1905, he published a series of papers that would change the course of modern physics. These papers included his theory of special relativity, which showed that the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at constant speeds relative to each other, and his paper on the photoelectric effect, which showed that light behaves like particles, or photons.

In 1915, Einstein published his theory of general relativity, which extended his earlier work on special relativity to include gravity. This theory showed that gravity is not a force like other forces in nature, but rather a curvature of space and time caused by the presence of matter and energy.

Einstein also made important contributions to the development of quantum mechanics, the study of the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level. He was a strong advocate for peace and social justice, and was a vocal opponent of nuclear weapons.

Einstein received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to science,including the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. He died on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76, in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.

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