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—Characters

pProfessor Lidenbrock:-
He was a famous scientist and geologist.
He gave lectures at the university of Hamburg.
He knew more about the Earth than any other scientists , so other geologists came from all over the world to learn from him.
He was axle's uncle.
He couldn't understand the parchment because the letters were mixed up and it was written in a secret code.
He was very excited when Axel broke the secret message and he decided to make the journey and take Axel with him.
pAxel:-
He was the narrator of the story.
He was the professor's nephew.
He was proud to be the assistant of his uncle ( who is very famous ).
He came to live with his uncle when his parents died.
He could break the secret code by chance as he saw some Latin words which he knew at the back of the parchment.
He decided not to tell his uncle as he was frightened that his uncle would want to make the dangerous journey and would take Axel with him.
He tried to burn the parchment to stop his uncle from reading it and making the dangerous journey.
He decided to tell his uncle as he felt sorry for his uncle who hadn't eaten or slept for two days.
He was frightened and worried about the journey.
pMartha:-
She was the professor's cook.
She was worried because the professor came home early and his dinner wasn't ready yet.
pThe Danish scientist:-
The professor and Axel met him in Copenhagen.
He was helpful because he gave them letters of introduction to the most important men in Iceland.
pDr. Fridrikson:-
The professor and Axel met him in Iceland.
He told the professor that Iceland has many volcanoes that haven't been explored yet.
He was helpful because he arranged for a guide called Hans to take them to Sneffels.

pHans:-
He was a guide from Iceland.
He was a big man who moved slowly and didn't say much.
He took the professor and axel to sneffels.
He went with the professor and Axel to the centre of the Earth.
He was the first to descend the rater of sneffels.
When they heard the noise of running water in the western path , he used his pickaxe to make a hole in the wall to get water.
The jet of water was so strong that it almost knocked hans down.
He cried out in pain when the water hit him as it was very hot , almost boiling.
pThe Icelanders:-
The Icelanders were kind and helpful because they gave the characters the best food and drinks without money.
pArne Saknussemme:-
He was a famous Icelandic scientist of the 16th century.
He made many great scientific discoveries.
He wrote the parchment and hid it in the old book that he owned.
He wrote the parchment in Latin in the 16th century ( in a secret code ) .
He carved his initials ( A . S ) on stones under the ground to guide those who would follow him.
pSnori Sturllason:-
He wrote the old book in the 12th century.

MSome places and things

&The Old book:-
It was a translator of a famous Icelandic book.
It was more than 600 years old.
It was written by snori Sturllason in the 12th century.
*The parchment:-
It fell out of the book.
It was written by Arne Saknussemme in the 16th century.
At first the professor guessed it was written in Runes as there were strange letters on it.
Then he guessed it was written in Latin as scientists of the 16th century always wrote about their discoveries in Latin.
In it , he described how to reach to the centre of the Earth.
]Sneffels:-
It was a huge mountain in Iceland ( 2000 m high ).
It was an extinct volcano. ( dead volcano )
It hasn't erupted since 1229 ( for 600 years ).
It has several craters , but only one leads to the centre of the Earth.
%Scartairs:-
A mountain in Iceland.
Its shadow touches the crater of Sneffels that leads to the centre of the Earth at the end of June ( before July ).
$The Magnifying glass:-
The professor used it to make the letters bigger.
…The countryside:-
It was bleak كئيب as there were no crops , hardly any animals , the grass was yellow and there were large rocks everywhere.
3The electric torch:-
They took it with them to light ( guide ) their way in the darkness.


The most important general sentences

Runes are the letters of the old Icelandic alphabet.
The writing of the parchment was later than the writing of the old book.
The parchment was written by someone who owned the old book.
The book and the parchment were not written in the same hand writing.
The professor asked axel to bring the atlas to show him the places that Arne saknussemme had written about on the map of Iceland.
Everyone knows that the centre of the earth is very hot , so it is impossible to go there and come back alive.
Axel didn't burn the parchment because his uncle appeared suddenly.
They prepared guns , tools and scientific instrument for the journey.
They traveled to Iceland ( Copenhagen ) by steamer.
The professor thought the most interesting part of Iceland is under the ground.
The professor told Dr. Fridrikson that he was interested in Iceland's geology.
Axel dreamed that he was inside a volcano and there was a great explosion and he was shot out of the volcano like a rocket.
There was no sun , so there was no shadow to guide them.
The crater of Sneffels was shaped like an ice cream cone.
As they climbed sneffels higher and higher , it was harder and harder to breathe because of the thin air.
At the bottom of the crater there were three chimneys.
They descended the crater by ropes.
The marks they found on the large rock were letters which spelled the name of Arne Saknussemme.
The shadow fell on the middle chimney.
At the end of the passage there were two paths , one going east and the other west.
The professor entered the eastern path at first.
Axel thought the eastern path was wrong because it was going up not down .
Axel was worried because they used half of their water and they had only enough water for five days.
At the crossroads Axel fell to the ground because he was very tired and thirsty.
Axel wanted to give up the journey when they finished their water and they would die of thirst.
Axel began to enjoy the journey when they found the underground river ( water).
The professor promised Axel that if they didn't find water in the western path the next day , they would return together.
The red lava was sparkled like jewels.
The rocks of the crater proved that the centre of the Earth couldn't be hot as scientists thought.
They decided to leave the hole in the wall as it was as the river would show them the quickest way down.
The professor used his scientific instruments to calculate their position.
Axel felt a pain in his ears because of the increased air pressure.
The professor advised Axel to breathe quickly to relieve the pressure.
Axel got lost and fainted at the end of chapter 5.

و دلوقتى حل الأسئلة اللي جاية دي بترتيب الشخصيات و الجمل و توكل على الله:-
Answer the following questions:-
What was professor Lidenbrock?
Why couldn't professor Lidenbrock understand the parchment?
how did the professor feel when Axel showed him the secret message?
why did Axel come to live with his uncle?
How could Axel break the secret code?
Why did Axel decide not to tell his uncle about the message?
Why was Axel going to burn the parchment?
Why did Axel decide to tell his uncle about the message?
How did Axel feel when he knew what was in the parchment?
what was Martha?
why was Martha worried?
Who did they meet in Copenhagen? How was he helpful?
who did they meet in Iceland ? How was he helpful ?
What was Hans? How did he help the characters ?
What did Hans do to get water?
Why did Hans cry out in pain when the water hit him ?
How were the Icelanders helpful ( kind to the characters ) ?
What was Arne saknussemme?
Who wrote the parchment and when?
Who wrote the old book ? when?
what was the old book about?
What fell out of the book ?
What was the secret message of the parchment?
What was sneffels?
Why did the professor use a magnifying glass?
Which crater would lead to the centre of the Earth?
How was the country side bleak?
What are Runes?
Why did the professor ask Axel to bring atlas?
What did the characters prepare for the journey?
How did the characters travel to Iceland?
Why didn't they know the crater leading to the centre of the Earth at first?
How was the crater of Sneffels shaped like?
How did they descend the crater?
What was the only thing that worrying Axel?
What happened to Axel at the crossroads ? why?
Why did Axel want to give up the journey?
When did Axel begin to enjoy the journey?
What did the rocks of the crater prove?
Why did the professor use his scientific instruments?
Why did Axel feel a pain in his ears?
What happened to Axel at the end of chapter 5?

Complete the following sentences:-
Professor Lidenbrock know more about the Earth than any other scientists , so ………
Axel was proud to be ………………………………………………………………. .
When his parents died , …………………………………………………………… .
Hans was a big man who …………………………………………………………. .
In the western path they heard ………………………………………………… .
The jet of water was so strong that …………………………………………… .
Because the water was very hot , Hans ……………………………………… .
The parchment was written in …………………………………………………… .
The old book was more than …………………………………………………….. .
The professor guessed the parchment was written in Latin as ………………………… .
Sneffels hasn't erupted since …………………………………………………. .
Sneffels has several craters , but ……………………………………………. .
The writing of the parchment was ………………………………………….. .
The parchment was written by someone …………………………………. .
Axel thought that it's impossible to go to the centre of the Earth as ………………… .
Axel tried to burn the parchment but he couldn't because ……………………………… .
The professor told Dr. Fridrikson that he was interested in …………………………….. .
Axel dreamed that ………………………………………………………………….. .
When they climbed sneffels higher , it was ……………………………….. .
At the bottom of the crater , there were …………………………………… .
The shadow of scartairs fell on ………………………………………………… .
To light their way in the darkness , they ………………………………….. .
At the end of the passage , there were …………………………………….. .
Axel thought the eastern path was wrong because ………………………………………… .
The professor promised Axel that if they didn't find water ……………………………… .
The red lava wall was ……………………………………………………………… .
The walls of the chimney proved ………………………………………………. .
To relieve the pressure , the professor advised Axel to ………………………………….. .
They decided to leave the hole in the wall as ………………………………………………… .
It was hard to breathe on top of sneffels because of ……………………………………… .

شكـــــــــــــــــــرا جزيلا