للمزيد | ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﻤﻊ الصفات ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ
ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ féminin des adjectifs qualificatifs
ﺗﻨﺺّ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣّﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ l'adjectif
qualificatif ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ e
ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ .
ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺣﺮﻑ e :
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ : é
ﺃﻭ i ﺃﻭ u .
- sacré <== ﻣﻘﺪّﺱٌ <--- sacrée <== ﻣﻘﺪّﺳﺔ
- désolé <== ﺁﺳِﻒٌ <--- désolée <== ﺁﺳِﻔﺔٌ
- défini <== ﻣُﻌَﺮّﻑٌ ، ﻣُﺤَﺪَّﺩٌ <--- définie <== ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺔٌ ،
ﻣُﺤَﺪَّﺩﺓٌ
- joli <== ﺟﻤﻴﻞ ، ﺷﻴّﻖ ، ﺣَﺴَﻦٌ <--- jolie <== ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ،
ﺷﻴّﻘﺔ ، ﺣَﺴَﻨَﺔ
- ému <== ﻣﺘﺄﺛّﺮ ، ﻣُﻨﻔﻌِﻞٌ <--- émue <== ﻣﺘﺄﺛّﺮﺓ ،
ﻣُﻨﻔَﻌِﻠَﺔٌ
- déçu <== ﺧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ <--- déçue <== ﺧﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ
ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ :
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ ou ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻑ u ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ . ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺮﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ ou ﻛﺎﻣﻼ :
- mou <== ﺭَﺧْﻮٌ <--- molle <== ﺭَﺧْﻮَﺓٌ
- fou <== ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥٌ <--- folle <== ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻧﺔٌ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ d :
- grand <== ﻛﺒﻴﺮ <--- grande <== ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ
- rond <== ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ <--- ronde <== ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﺓ
- bavard <== ﺛﺮﺛﺎﺭٌ <--- bavarde <== ﺛﺮﺛﺎﺭﺓٌ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ er ( ﺗُﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟـ er ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟـ é ) :
- léger <== ﺧﻔﻴﻒٌ <--- légère <== ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔٌ
- étranger <== ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻲّ ، ﻏﺮﻳﺐٌ <--- étrangère <==
ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔٌ ، ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔٌ
- régulier <== ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ، ﺩﻗﻴﻖ <--- régulière <==
ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ، ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ
ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ : ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺤﻮّﻝ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ e ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ er
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺮﻑ è ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻮّﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ .
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ : s
ﺃﻭ t .
- gris <== ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱّ <--- grise <== ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻳّﺔ
- <== <--- <==
- vert <== ﺃﺧﻀﺮٌ <--- verte <== ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ
- <== <--- <==
ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ :
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ s ﺃﻭ et ﺃﻭ ot ﻳﺘﻢّ ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻬﺎ
ﺑﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ + e ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ . ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥّ
ﺗﻮﻓّﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ s ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ t ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻑٍ ﻟﻜﻲ
ﻧﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ e ﺛﻢّ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ . ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺬﺭ ﺇﺫﻥْ :
- épais <== ﺳﻤﻴﻚٌ <--- épaisse <== ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺔٌ
- gros <== ﺳﻤﻴﻦٌ <--- grosse <== ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺔٌ
- sot <== ﺃﺣﻤﻖ ، ﻏﺒﻲّ <--- sotte <== ﺣﻤﻘﺎﺀ ، ﻏﺒﻴّﺔ
- muet <== ﺃﺑﻜﻢٌ <--- muette <== ﺑﻜﻤﺎﺀ
ﻧﻌﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ el ﺃﻭ ul ﺃﻭ en ﺃﻭ on ﻳﺘﻢّ ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻬﺎ
ﺑﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ + e ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ
.
- cruel <== ﻗﺎﺱٍ <--- cruelle <== ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔٌ
- habituel <== ﻋﺎﺩﻱّ ، ﻣُﻌﺘﺎﺩٌ <--- habituelle <==
ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔٌ ، ﻣُﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓٌ
- nul <== ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡٌ ( ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ) <--- nulle <== ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔٌ
- ul ==> ---> ulle ==>
- algérien <== ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱّ <--- algérienne <== ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳّﺔ
- indien <== ﻫﻨﺪﻱّ <--- indienne <== ﻫﻨﺪﻳّﺔٌ
- bon <== ﻃﻴّﺐٌ <--- bonne <== ﻃﻴّﺒﺔٌ
- on ==> ---> onne <==
ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـﺤﺮﻑ s ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ
ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ s ﺇﻟﻰ che :
- frais <== ﻃﺎﺯﺝ ، ﺑﺎﺭﺩٌ <--- fraîche <== ﻃﺎﺯﺟﺔٌ ،
ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓٌ
ﺗﺘﻐﻴّﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ .
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ c ﻓﺈﻥّ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ c
ﻳﺘﺤﻮّﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ che ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ que .
( ﺍﻟـﻤﻘﻄﻊ che ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ، ﺃﻣّﺎ
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ que ﻓﻴُﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻧُﻄﻖِ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ke . ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ
ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ u ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ que ﻻ ﻳُﻨﻄﻖ . ﺇﻧﺘﻘِﻞْ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ q
ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟـ e ، ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺮﺙْ ﺑﺎﻟـ u . )
- blanc <== ﺃﺑﻴﺾٌ <--- blanche <== ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ
- franc <== ﺻﺮﻳﺢٌ <--- franche <== ﺻﺮﻳﺤﺔٌ
- sec <== ﺟﺎﻑٌّ ، ﻗﺎﺣﻞٌ ، ﻧﺎﺷﻒ <--- sèche <==
ﺟﺎﻓّﺔ ، ﻗﺎﺣﻠﺔٌ ، ﻧﺎﺷﻔﺔٌ
- public <== ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲٌّ <--- publique <== ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴّﺔٌ
- Turc <== ﺗُﺮﻛِﻲّ ( ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ ) <--- Turque <== ﺗﺮﻛﻴّﺔ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ f ﻓﺈﻥّ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ f
ﻳﺘﺤﻮّﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ v + e
- veuf <== ﺃﺭْﻣَﻞٌ <--- veuve <== ﺃﺭﻣﻠﺔٌ
- bref <== ﻣﺨﺘﺼَﺮٌ <--- brève <== ﻣﺨﺘﺼَﺮﺓٌ
- juif <== ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱّ <--- juive <== ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳّﺔ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ x ﻓﺈﻥّ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ x
ﻳﺘﺤﻮّﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ se
( ﺇﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ se ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟـ ze ) .
- heureux <== ﺳﻌﻴﺪٌ <--- heureuse <== ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺓٌ
- jaloux <== ﻏﻴﻮﺭ <--- jalouse <== ﻏﻴﻮﺭﺓٌ
- nerveux <== ﻋﺼﺒﻲٌّ <--- nerveuse <== ﻋﺼﺒﻴّﺔٌ
ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ :
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ x ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ ﻭﻟﻜﻨّﻬﺎ ﻻ
ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ se ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ .
- doux <== ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ، ﻟﻄﻴﻒ <--- douce <== ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ،
ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ
- faux <== ﺧﺎﻃﺊ <--- fausse <== ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ
- roux <== ﺣﻨِّﻲّ ( ﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ) <--- rousse <== ﺣﻨِّﻴﺔٌ
( ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺘﻪ )
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ eur ﻓﺈﻧّﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﻮّﻝ
ﺇﻟﻰ euse
- crâneur <== ﻣُﺪَّﻉٍ <--- crâneuse <== ﻣُﺪَّﻋِﻴﺔٌ
- menteur <== ﻛﺎﺫﺏٌ <--- menteuse <== ﻛﺎﺫﺑﺔٌ
- voleur <== ﺳﺎﺭﻕٌ <--- voleuse <== ﺳﺎﺭﻗﺔٌ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ teur ﻓﺈﻧّﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﻮّﻝ
ﺇﻟﻰ trice .
- conservateur <== ﻣﺤﺎﻓِﻆ <--- conservatrice <==
ﻣﺤﺎﻓِﻈﺔ
- inspirateur <== ﻣُﻠْﻬِﻢٌ ، ﻣُﻮﺡٍ <--- inspiratrice <==
ﻣُﻠْﻬِﻤَﺔٌ ، ﻣُﺤِﻴﺔٌ
- isolateur <== ﻋﺎﺯﻝٌ <--- isolatrice <== ﻋﺎﺯﻟﺔٌ
ﺗﺘﻐﻴّﺮ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ .
- beau <== ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ <--- belle <== ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔٌ
- nouveau <== ﺟﺪﻳﺪٌ <--- nouvelle <== ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓٌ
- vieux <== ﺷﻴﺦٌ ، ﻫَﺮِﻡٌ <--- vieille <== ﻋﺠﻮﺯٌ ، ﻫَﺮِﻣَﺔٌ
ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺃﻱّ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ .
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ e ﻓﺈﻧّﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ
ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣُﻮِّﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ .
- aimable <== ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ <--- aimable <== ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔ
- pâle <== ﺷﺎﺣﺐٌ <--- pâle <== ﺷﺎﺣﺒﺔ
- rouge <== ﺃﺣﻤﺮ <--- rouge <== ﺣﻤﺮﺍﺀ
ﺣـﺎﻟـﺔ ﺧـﺎﺻّـﺔ
=========
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮﺓ ﻭﻻ
ﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ . ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻌﻮﺕ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻛّﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ
ﺑﺤﺮﻑٍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊٍ ﺻﻮﺗﻲّ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ
ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻣّﺎ ﺣﺮﻑٌ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊٌ ﺻﻮﺗﻲّ ﻭﺇﻣّﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ h ﺃﺧﺮﺱ
<== h muet ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺮﻑ - ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠّﻤﺘَﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ - ﻻ
ﻳُﻨﻄَﻖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺛّﺮ ، ﻭﻛﺄﻧّﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺻﻼ .
ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺟﻴّﺪﺍ :
- ﺇﻥّ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ beau ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ . ﺇﻧّﻪ ﻧﻌﺖٌ
ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻤﻘﻄﻊٍ ﺻﻮﺗﻲّ : eau ( ﻭﻳُﻨﻄﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟـ o .
ﺇﻗﺮﺃ beau ﻣﺜﻞ bo )
- ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ enfant ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻃﻔﻞٌ .
ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕَ ﻗﻮﻝَ : ﻃﻔﻞٌ ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ ﻓﺈﻧّﻚ - ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ -
ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ : Un beau enfant . ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ
ﺧﺎﻃﺊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻴﻦ ﻷﻥّ ﺛِﻘَﻼً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ
ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ . ﻓﺄﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻞّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ beau
ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ
ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ
ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧُﻄﻘﻪ ، ﻭﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ .
ﻭﻟﻨﻮﺿّﺢْ :
ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ <== beau <--- ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﺮ
<== bel
ﻧﻄﻘﺎً : ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ ، ﺃﻧﻄﻖْ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﻥْ :
ﻣﺆﻧّﺚ <== belle <--- ﻣﺬﻛّﺮ <== bel .
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ : ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻼﺣﻆ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧّﺚ .
ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭﻧﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ :
Un bel enfant . <== ﻃﻔﻞٌ ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ .
ﺳﻼﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ .
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ :
- Le nouvel an . <== ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡُ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪُ . ( ﻳُﺴﻤّﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ
ﻛﺬﻟﻚ année ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﻧّﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ . ﻛﻠﻤﺔ an
ﻛﻠّﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻡٌ ) .
- Un nouvel équipement . <== ﻣُﻌِﺪّﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ .
- Un bel homme . <== ﺭﺟُﻞٌ ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ .
- Un fol éspoir . <== ﺃﻣﻞٌ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ .
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﻻ ﻣﺬﻛّﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ . ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺆﻧّﺜﺔ .
- enceinte <== ﺣﺎﻣﻞٌ ( ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ )
- bée <== ﻓﺎﻏﺮﺓ ( ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ )
ﺟﻤْﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ pluriel des adjectifs qualificatifs
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥّ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ
pluriel des adjectifs qualificatifs ﻳﺘﻢّ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣّﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ s ﻓﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩ
l'adjectif qualificatif singulier .
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Grand <== ﻛﺒﻴﺮٌ <--- grands <== ﻛﺒﺎﺭٌ
Grande <== ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓٌ <--- grandes <== ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍﺕٌ
Bon <== ﻃﻴّﺐٌ <--- bons <== ﻃﻴّﺒﻮﻥ
Jaune <== ﺃﺻﻔﺮٌ ، ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ <--- jaunes <== ﺻُﻔْﺮٌ ،
ﺻﻔﺮﻭﺍﺕٌ .
( ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ Jaune <== ﺃﺻﻔﺮٌ ، ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ، ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺑﻬﻴﺌﺔ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ : Jaune ==> jaunes ) .
ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ eau ﺗُﺠﻤﻊ
ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ x ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ :
Beau <== ﺟﻤﻴﻞٌ <--- beaux <== ﺟﻤﻴﻠﻮﻥ .
Nouveau <== ﺟﺪﻳﺪٌ <--- nouveaux <== ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻭﻥ .
ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛّﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ al ﺗُﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ aux
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Brutal <== ﻋﻨﻴﻒٌ <--- brutaux <== ﻋﻨﻴﻔﻮﻥ .
Colossal <== ﻗﻮﻱّ ، ﻋﻈﻴﻢٌ <--- colossaux <==
ﺃﻗﻮﻳﺎﺀ ، ﻋﻈﻤﺎﺀ .
ﺇﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ s ﻓﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ al .
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Fatal <== ﻗَﺪَﺭِﻱٌّ ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻡ <--- fatals <== ﻗﺪﺭﻳّﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ
ﻗﺪﺭﻳّﺔ ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻣﺔٌ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ .
Naval <== ﺑﺤﺮﻱّ <--- navals <== ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ
ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ .
ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻌﻮﺕٌ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ al ﻭﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ s ﺃﻭ aux
ﻓﻲ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ .
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Banal <== ﻋﺎﺩﻱّ <--- banals ﺃﻭ banaux <== ﻋﺎﺩﻳّﻮﻥ
ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ .
Final <== ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲّ <--- finals ﺃﻭ finaux <== ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ
ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ .
Glacial <== ﺛﻠﺠﻲّ <--- glacials ﺃﻭ glaciaux <==
ﺛﻠﺠﻴﻮﻥ ، ﺑﺎﺭﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻠﺠﻴﺔ ، ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ
ﻋﺎﻗﻞ .
Idéal <== ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲّ <--- idéals ﺃﻭ idéaux <== ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﻮﻥ
ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ