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الجملة المركبة والروابط الزمنية فى الجملة المعقدة

Connectors [ Compound sentence ] [ 9 ]
1- and / He went to the cinema . He watched an interesting film .
* He went to the cinema and watched an interesting film .
2- but / yet / however / neverthless / still / He is rich . he is unhappy .
* He is rich but / yet / however he is unhappy .
3- as well as / He is clever . I am clever .
* He as well as I is clever . الفعل معها يتبع الفاعل الأول
4- Both …… and / Ahmed is a student . Hany is a student .
* Both Ahmed and Hany are students . الفعل بعدها يكون جمع
5- Either …… or / You must work hard . you will not pass the exam .
* You must either work hard or you will not pass the exam . جملتين بينهما اختيار
6- Neither ….. nor / He can’t read . He can’t write .
* He can neither read nor write . جملتين منفيتين والفعل بعدها يتبع الفاعل القريب
واذا بدأنا بها نحول لصيغة استفهاميه بعدها. وهى كذلك نفى لــ . both … and / neither … nor .
* He didn’t come early . He didn’t stop talking .
* Neither did he come early nor did he stop talking .
7- So / therefore / hence / thus / consequently / يسبفهم السبب ويتبعهم النتيجه
* The student studied hard . He succeeded .
* The student studied hard [ so / hence / consequently / therefore ] he succeeded .
8- Not only …. but also [ not only …. but …. also / as well ]
* He climbed the tree . He ate the fruit .
* He not only climbed the tree but also he ate the fruits .
* He not only climbed the tree but he ate the fruits also / as well .
* Not only did he climb the tree but he ate the fruits as well [ also ] .
9- or / otherwise / تربط جملتين الثانيه نتيجه لعدم الالتزام بالأولى / تهديد . والا .
* Don’t laugh . The teacher will punish you .
* Don’t laugh or [ otherwise ] the teacher will punish you .
Exercises / Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets /
1- Mona is beautiful . Heba is beautiful . [ Both ]
2- He didn’t understand the question . He didn’t answer it . [ neither / Neither ]
3- He succeeded . He got full mark . [ not only / Not only ]
4- He must pay the money . He will go to prison . [ otherwise ]
5- He studied hard . He got high marks . [ therefore ]
6- You can study French .You can study German . [ either ]
7- He wasted his time . He wasted his money . [ Not only ]
8- He didn’t write the lesson .He didn’t bring his book . [ neither ]

*** BEST WISHES ** ABD ALLAH AL ASKER **


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Connectors / [ 1 ] Clause of Time / [ 10 ]
1- When + subj. + v …. = on / upon /at / in + noun [ v + ing ]
* When he comes tomorrow , I’ll meet him . [ When + present simple + future ] .
* On coming tomorrow , I’ll meet him .
* When the thief saw the policeman , he ran away .[ When + past s. + past s. ] .
* When he arrived yesterday ,I was sleeping . [ When + past s. + past cont. ]
2- While / As + subj. + v. …. = During / while + noun [ v +ing ] .
* While he was studying , the light went out . [ While + past cont. + past s. ] .
* During studying , the light went out .
* While he was reading , she was cooking . [ While + past cont. + past cont. ] .
3- After + subj. + v. …. = Having + p.p. [ After + noun [ v + ing ] .
* After he had finished his work , he went out . [ After + past perfect + past s . ].
* Having finished his work , he went out .
4- Before + subj. + v. … = Before + noun [ v + ing ] .
* Before he watched TV , he had finished his work.
[ Before + past s.+ past perfect]
5- Since + subj. + v ….. = Since + noun [ v + ing ]
* He hasn’t sent any letters since he departed .
* He hasn’t sent any letters since his departure / departing .
* He has worked in this office since he graduated . [ graduation ]
[ Present perfect + since + past simple ] .
6- Till / Until + subj. + v. ….. = till / until + noun [ v + ing ] ..
* I’ll stay here until he arrives at the airport . [ future + until / till + present s. ] .
* I’ll stay here until his arrival / arriving at the airport .
* He didn’t go out until he had finished his work .
[ past simple negative + until / till + past perfect positive ] .
7- As soon as + subj. + v. … = Immediately on + noun [ v + ing ] .
* As soon as she had seen the dress , she admired it .
* Immediately on seeing the dress , she admired it .
[ As soon as + past perfect + past simple ]
8- No sooner ----- than / Hardly / Scarcely------ when + subj. + v. ….
= Immediately on [ after ] + noun / v + ing .
*He had no sooner reached the station than the train left .
* He had hardly reached the station when the train left .
* Immediately on [after ] reaching the station , the train left .
*** No sooner had he reached the station than the train left .
*** Rewrite using the words in brackets /
1- During my walking , I saw my friend . [ While ] 2- Having found a match , he lit his pipe . [ After ] 3- He has worked here since he graduated . [graduation ]
*** BEST WISHES ** ABD ALLAH AL ASHKER **

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