Unit 02 : Go for your goal
Vocabulary
· Get down to يشرع فى عمل
· Get across يوضح-يبين
· Get by يعيش على الكفاف
· Get at يفهم
· Get over يبرأ من مرض
· Get together يتقابل
· Get away with يفلت من عقاب
· Pile up يكوم
· Muddle يلخبط
· Advantages مزايا
· disadvantages عيوب
· energy طاقة
· In advance مقدما
· Chemistry كيمياء
· Physics فيزياء
· Maths رياضيات
· session جلسة
· career مهنة المستقبل
· organized منظم
· disorganized غير منظم
· organization منظمة- هيئة
· update يجدد
· force قوة
· possess يمتلك
· details تفاصيل
· In detail بالتفصيل
· excel يتفوق
· excellent متفوق
· excellence التفوق
· separate يفصل
· similar to متشابه
· diseases أمراض
· rush يدفع
· germs جراثيم
· Breathe يتنفس
· Breath اتنفس
· Leisure time وقت الفراغ

Grammar

Have / have got بمعنى يملك
· في اللغة الإنجليزية (إنجلترا) تستعمل Have got / has got
· في اللغة الإنجليزية (أمريكا) تستعمل Have
· ويعتبر الاستعمالين صحيح
· I have got a new car.
· I have a new car.

Questions:
· لاتستخدم - got في هذذه الأحوال :
· Have you got any books?
· Has he got a penknife?
Negative :
· No, I haven’t.
· No, I haven’t got any books.
· No, he hasn’t got a penknife

Questions:
· Do you have any books?
· Does he have a penknife?
Negative:
· No, I don’t have any books.
· No, he doesn’t have a penknife.
- أما في صيغة الماضي لا نستعمل got
· I had a bicycle when I was a child.
- صيغة السؤال والإجابة بالنفي في الماضي
· Did you have a car last year?
· No, I didn’t have, but I could buy one this year.
- تستعمل have مع هذه الأحداث ولا نستعمل got Have
breakfast, lunch, supper, a drink.
a swim, a rest, a holiday, a party, a good time,
a shower, a bath, a wash.
a discussion, an argument
a hair cut, an operation, a baby.
· لاحظ الفرق في المعنى في الجملتين
· I have a shower every day.
· I have got a shower.
1- تعني أن هذا الحدث يحدث كل يوم
صيغة الاستفهام والإجابة بالنفي في اللغة الإنجليزية البريطانية.

صيغة الاستفهام والإجابة بالنفي في اللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية .
2- تعني تركيب (امتلاك) هذا الشيء.

Unit 03 : Money

Vocabulary
· currency عملة
· coinعملة معدنية
· Bank note عملة ورقية
· Borrow يستعير-يستلف
· Lend يسلف
· Invest يستثمر
· investment استثمار
· investor مستثمر
· Credit card كارت ائتمان
· accounts حسابات
· Bank accounts حسابات بنكية
· increase يزداد
· decrease ينقص
· loss خسارة
· profit ربح
· repay يرد
· article سلعة
· Barter system نظام المقايضة
· trade تجارة
· exchange يتبادل
· suitable forمناسب
· goodsبضائع
· scarce نادر
· guarantee ضمان - يضمن
· Value قيمة
· cattle ماشية
· Services خدمات
· explore يستكشف
· explorer مستكشف
· Exploration استكشاف
· Common عام - شائع
· Tax ضريبة
· tax authority مأورية الضرائب
· euro اليورو(عملة أوروبية موحدة)
· Suspect يشك
· suspicious مرتاب شكاك -
· suspicion الشك
· bill فاتورة
· accept يقبل
· refuse يرفض
· instruct يخبر- يعلم
· Protest against يعترض على
· booking clerk موظف حجز

Grammar
استعمال الماضي البسيط
To express a finished action in the past
أ-يستعمل للتعبير عن حدث انتهى في الماضي
e .g.
· I traveled to Alex last week.
· Did you meet Ahmed yesterday?
· I didn’t write my homework yesterday.

b) To express actions which follow each other in a story.
ب - يستعمل للتعبير عن أحداث متتالية في قصة (الماضي)
· Ayman sent Dr Fakhry an email. He received a reply the following day.

c) To express a past situation or habit.
ج- يستعمل للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي
· We lived at Shoubra when we were young.

d) We use “used to” to express past situation or habits.
د- نستعمل used to للتعبير عن حدث أو موقف (في الماضي)
· My family used to live in Alex and my brother used to go swimming every Friday.

1. تصريف الأفعال المنتظمة في الماضي The spelling of regular verbs
1- add ed (or d if the verb ends in e)
· help helped
· move moved
2- verbs ending in a vowel “y” or “w” add ed
2- يضاف ed للأفعال التي تنتهي حرف "y" أو "w"
· enjoy enjoyed
· Borrow Borrowed

3- If the verb has one syllable and ends with a vowel + constant, the constant doubles before adding “ed”
3- إذا كان الفعل ذو مقطع واحد وينتهي بحرف متحرك ثم حرف ساكن يضعف الحرف الساكن قل إضافة "ed" للدلالة على الماضي
· Stop stopped
· Plan planned

4- verbs ending in a constant + y changed into“ied”.
4- الأفعال التي تنتهي حرف ساكن ثم "y" تتغير "y" إلى "ied "
· Carry carried
· Study studied

B- Irregular verbs
5 - الأفعال (الشاذة) الغير منتظمة
توجد قائمة هذه الأفعال في قاموس
Actives study Dictionary صـ802 - 803

The past continuous tense
زمن الماضي المستمر
التركيب: يتكون من
(Was / Were) + infinitive + ing
Ex.
1- I was playing football at noon yesterday.
2- She was writing a letter at 7 o’clock this morning.
3- They were swimming in the pool when I arrived.
4- He was lying in bed when the telephone rang.

1- Express an activity in progress during a time in the past.
1- يعبر الماضي المستمر عند استمرار حدث معين أثناء زمن في الماضي Ex 1;2
2- Express an interrupted action (past activity)
2- يعبر الماضي المستمر عن وقوع حدث أثناء استمرار الآخر EX 4.
3- Express the setting for a situation or a story.
3- يعبر عن مكان حدوث الموقف أو القصة. Ex 3

· sorrow حزن
· hatred كراهية
· beggar متسول
· wealth ثروة
· wealthy ثرى
· health صحة
· healthy سليم ذو صحة
· kingdom مملكة
· obvious واضح
· obviously بوضوح
· represent -يمثل ينوب
· representative مندوب
· poverty الفقر
· puzzled - مذهول محتار
· puzzlingمذهل - مربك - محي ر
· amazed مذهول
· amazingمذهل- بديع
· rescue ينقذ
· definitely بالتأكيد
· merchant تاجر
· generation جيل
· deceive يخدع
· perceive -يلحظ يستبين
· fear الخو ف
· fearful مخيف
· successors الخلف
· ancestor السلف
· criminal مجرم
· adventure مغامرة
· venture يغامر
· chief رئيس
· chef طباخ
· ugly قبيح
· ugliness القبح
· delighted مسرور
· delightful السرور
· announce يذيع - يعلن
· announcement -اعلان اذاعة
· war حرب
· peace سلام
· tongue لسان
· selfish أنانى
· selfishness أنانية
· professional محترف
· amateur هاوى
· boring ممل
· bored مصاب بالملل- سئم

Grammar
The past perfect tense
تركيب الماضى التام

Had + past participle

Ex.
1. Samy had eaten the meal before studying.

1- It describes actions in the past that were completed before other actions.
1- الماضي التام يصف أحداثاً حدثت وانتهت في الماضي قل أحداث أخرى.
· لاحظ الفرق في المعنى (الأحداث) Notice the difference
2. 2- when I arrived at the party, Samy left.
1- ذلك يعني أن سامي غادر المكان في نفس وقت وصولي.
3. 3- When I arrived at the party, Samy had left
2- ذلك يعني أن سامي قد غادر (الحفل) قل وصولي.

Sample Examination

A- Language function
1) Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:-
Ahmed and his friend Bassam are talking about two of their classmates who had a fight in the school.
Ahmed : Did you hear what happened in the club yesterday
Bassam : # : No, you know, I was absent.#
Ahmed : Samy and Yasser had a fight yesterday.
Bassam : # : why did they fight?#
Ahmed : Samy said some bad words about Yasser’s shirt. So, they had a fight.
Bassam : # : What about our friends? #
Ahmed : Our friends, in the class, made Samy apologize.
Bassam : # : Did Yasser accept Samy’s apology?#
Ahmed : Yes, after we all convinced him.

2-Give the situations:
1-A- Can I help you?
B- Yes, I’d like to buy a shirt, please.
A- What do you think of this?
B- Nice, let me try it on.


Place :#clothing shop#
A :#salesman (shop assistant) #
B :# customer #



2- A- Could you help me, please?
B- What Is wrong with you?
It’s my teeth. I want to have that tooth
pulled out.
Don’t worry. I’ll do what’s necessary.


Place :#Dentist’s clinic (practice) #
A : # : patient #
B :#Doctor,(dentist)#

B - Vocabulary and structure
3 -Choose the correct answer from a, b, c and d :
1- A civil engineer ……… and designs roads.-
- plans
- takes
- keeps
- writes
2- At school, teachers …… your studies.
- direct
- organize
- arrange
- complete
3- The more you eat, ……… fatter you become.
- the
- a
- an
- no article
4- My family ……… a nice time on the beach last summer.
- spent
- made
- did
- gave
5- Samy kept his ……… in the national Bank.
- savings
- reserves
- economy
- living
6- If you find yourself tired of work, you should have a ………
- rest
- rust
- resting
- right
7- In our flat, we ……… a shower because the old one was bad.
- have got
- have
- had
- has got
8- We can’t ……… him to play basketball as he is lame.
- force
- asked
- demand
- order
9- Shady is a very bad driver, he always drives at … speed.
a) breakneck
b) breakout
c) breakdown
d) break in
10- Many foreign people come to Egypt to ……… their money in large projects.
- invest
- lend
- borrow
- sell
11- Ahmed Galal bought a new car on ……… as he hadn’t enough money to pay in cash.
- credit
- currency
- borrow
- coins
12- The Chinese used paper money in the ……… century.
- 13th
- 16th
- 17th
- 19th
13- My uncle ……… his room when we called on him.
- was painting
- paints
- painted
- painting
14- He was ……… because he inherited a large sum of money when his uncle died.
- lucky
- unlucky
- luck
- bad luck
15- The student didn’t go to the club until he ……… all his homework.
- had finished
- finishes
- finishing
- was finishing
16- The empty basket represents ………
- poverty
- wealth
- beauty
- ugliness

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- He went to the supermarket then he returned home. (after)
- After he had gone to the super market, he returned home.
2- They sat on the café yesterday and Ahmed saw them. (while)
- While they were sitting on the café yesterday, Ahmed saw them.
3- The headmaster doesn’t own a car. (got)
- The headmaster hasn’t got a car.
4- stress affected teachers greatly. (effect)
- Stress had a great effect on teachers
5- Sometimes it is difficult to reach your goals. (easy)
- Sometimes it is not easy reach your goals.

- Reading comprehension
-أ Read and then write notes on the passage:-
A small horse spoke one day and said. Our master was a good kind man.
He gave us good food and lodging. He spoke to us kindly as he spoke to
his little children. We all loved him and specially my mother. When she
saw him at the gate, she would neigh with joy. He would pat her and give
me a piece of sugar lump which was very good. Sometimes he brought a
carrot for my mother. My mother always took him to town on a market day.



Complete the following sentence ?
1- The master gave his horses # good food and lodging.#
2- All the horses # loved him as treated them kindly.#
3- The mother takes # the master to the town on a market day. #
6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions.
Summer has come, with its warm sunny days making us think of all sorts
of nice things, such as holidays in the country, picnics and making
parties.
When spring came, she found the earth cold and hard, but she soon
changed all that, and by the time, summer arrives, the world is a very
different place. It is a green world now, green leaves, flowers opening
every where, green grass in the fields, green plants crowding in the
hedges and green leaves on trees.
The days are long and the nights are short, for the sun gets up early
and goes to bed late in sunny June. It is one of the best and brightest
months in the year. Birds sing from sunrise till long after sunset.
As night falls, one after another the birds sing their song, and after a
few last sleepy sounds, put their heads under their wings to rest for
an hour or two before beginning again. They do not all sleep, however,
when other birds are silent, come a soft cry, then, after a few moments,
another, louder this time, and soon the nightingale is pouring out his
wonderful song.
Not only at night does the nightingale sing. On almost every warm day
in early June, the little brown bird sings away in the roads and woods,
but, as all other birds are also singing at the same time, we do not
notice his voice so much. It is at night, when he has the field all to
himself, that we hear the nightingale at his best.

Answer the following questions:
1-How does the writer say that spring changed the earth?
- Spring changed the earth by covering it with green leaves on the trees, green in the fields and flowers opening everywhere.
2- Why does the writer call June one of the brightest months in the year?
- Because the days are long and the nights are short.
3- What do birds do as night falls?
- The birds stop their songs, put their heads under their wings.
4- write the main idea in this passage?
- The changes of earth from cold and hard into green leaves, grass and
flowers. Birds sing from sunrise till sunsets by the coming of spring.

-Choose the best answer from a, b, c and d.
5-The days are long ………….
- because the sun gets up early.
- because the sun goes to bed early.
- Because it is spring.
- because the night falls early.
6-As the night falls , means ……
-the sun goes to bed.
-The birds stop their singing.
-The birds put their heads under wings.
- The sun gets up.
7-We hear the nightingale at his best ………
- at night.
- in spring.
- during the day time.
- In the roads and woods.
8- The opposite of louder is ………
- lower.
- smaller
- shorter
- softer

- The Novel
Based on chap. 1 and 2
7 -A : Answer the following questions:
1-what did the pilot of the helicopter do?
A- 1- The pilot of the helicopter landed his plane and hurried to the
men with water to the four men lying on the desert beside the land
cruiser.

2- What was Ayman’s favorite hobby?
2- Ayman’s favorite hobby was computer. He used it in his study in the university and making friends in other countries.

3- How did the spider make a family?
3- The spider made a family by hiding in a safe place and lying 2000 eggs in four sacs.

B : Read the following quotation then answer the questions:
“Spiders use Webs to catch flies, but I’m going to use the web to find a spider.”
1- Who said these words?
B- 1- Ayman said these words.

2- What is the difference in meaning between webs and the web in this quotation?
2- The difference in meaning.
Webs : means the houses of spiders.
The web: means the huge library in the Internet

3- Where can you find the web?
3- We can find the web, through the internet.
c -Complete the following sentences:
1-The computer with the four men, changes the radio # waves into pictures on the screen #
2-The police officer was surprised because # he found jewelers and treasures in the boxes. #
3-Dr. Shereen Fakhry worked with the # University of Oxford. #
8- Writing
-Write a paragraph , of eight sentences about:
“ Inviting a friend from England to visit Egypt.”
You may use the following guiding ideas:-
Book a room - ancient Egyptian temples- new projects - the underground.

I invited my friend Jack last summer to visit Egypt. I booked a room
in a good hotel for him to stay in. When he arrived in Egypt, we went to
Luxor and saw the monuments in Aswan.
After a tour of three days, we returned to Cairo to see the grand
project that connects most of the greater Cairo, which is the
underground. He was so fascinated with it. We also visited some of the
new societies in 6th of October and the new town of 10th of Ramadan.
Finally, my friend Jack said that he would like to visit Egypt again and again.
9- Translation
a- Translate into Arabic: -
Many people now prefer watching TV to reading as it shows various
programs. You can watch the programme that you are interested in. On the
other hand, TV. Supplies us with the news all over the world.
- يفضل كثير من الناس مشاهدة التليفزيون على القراءة لأنه يعرض برامج
متنوعة . لذلك فإنك تستطيع مشاهدة البرنامج الذي يروق لك. و من ناحية أخرى
فالتليفزيون يمدنا بالأخبار في كل أنحاء العالم.

- Translate into English: -
لقد نال أحمد زويل جائزة نوبل للكيمياء و هي أعلى جائزة يمكن لأي شخص الحصول عليها.
-Ahmed Zewail was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry, it is the highest award that anyone can be given.

Unit 06 : Amazing,but true!
Vocabulary
· Atmosphere جوى غلاف
· conquer يغزو
· conquest (n)غزو
· pinpoint يحدد
· submarine غواصة
· Belong to يخص
· weather طقس
· climate مناخ
· Weather forecast نشرة جوية
· survive ينجو
· survival النجاة
· hunt يصطاد
· haunt يلزم- يسكن
· Prey فريسة
· Divide into يقسم
· grip قبضة
· seek يبحث
· challenge يتحدى
· Ocean محيط
· victim ضحية
· Terrify يرعب
· creatures مخلوقات
· surface سطح
· Senior أكبر أقدم
· Junior أصغر أحدث
· violence العنف
· Violent عنيف
· Violently بعنف
· oven فرن
· fridge ثلاجة
· Print يطبع
· Printer طباعة
· Explain يفسر

Grammar :
Comparative and superlative adjective.
أولاً المقارنة بين الصفات وهي ثلاث درجات.
هناك نوعان من الصفات.
I - صفات ذات مقطع واحد. One syllable adj.:
P - صفات ذات أكثر من مقطع. More than one syllable adj.
درجات المقارنة Comparative Degrees.
Positive.وهي مقارنة بين اثنان في مستوى واحد من هذه الصفة
Comparative.وهي مقارنة بين اثنان منهم واحد أعلى من الآخر في هذه الصفة.
Superlative . وهي مقارنة ين واحد ومجموعة وهو أعلى منهم في هذه الصفة
نستطيع تلخيص هذه الدرجات كالآتي :
A- Positive. B- comparative. c- superlative.
As صفة as صفة-er than the صفة-est
Ex: as cheap as cheaper than the cheapest

I - صفات ذات مقطع واحد One syllable adjectives.
Add “er” to short adj.
يضاف "er " في درجة المقارنة B- للصفة.
Ex: It is cheaper to travel to Aswan by train than by plane.
Add “er” to adjectives ending in “y” and change “y” into “I”
2- أضف " er" للصفات التي تنتهي حرف "y" مع تحويل "y" إلى "I" .
Ex: lucky, funny, happy
Samy is luckier than Wagdy in playing backgammon.
Add “er” to adjectives ending in a consonant preceded by a vowel and double the consonant.
3- أضف "er" للصفات التي تنتهي حرف ساكن ويسقه حرف متحرك مع مضاعفة الحرف الساكن.
Ex: big, hot, fat
Ahmed is fatter than Mohmoud
Irregular adjective
الصفات الشاذة
A. Positive B- Comparative C- Superlative
good Better than The best
Bad Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Much / many More Most
Far Farther Farthest
Further Furthest

P- صفات ذات أكثر من مقطع.More than one syllable
A- positive B- comparative C- superlative Adj.-
As صفة as more صفة than the most صفة
A-1- Shadia is as beautiful as Laila.
B-2- Laila is more beautiful than Noha.
C-3- Samia is the most beautiful girl in our class

Unit 07 : The olympic games

Vocabulary
· The Olympic Games الألعاب الأولمبية
· water-skiing التزحلق على الماء
· snow-skiing التزحلق على الجليد
· horse-riding ركوب الخيل
· diving الغطس
· Running الجرى - العدو
· wrestling المصارعة
· karate كاراتيه
· ban يمنع
· Win يكسب
· lose يخسر
· beat يهزم
· Amateur هاوى
· Professional محترف
· Expert خبير
· insist on يصر على
· Race سباق
· Drugs عقاقير طبية- مخدرات
· Addict يدمن
· Addiction ادمان
· Individual فردى
· Religion دبن
· Festival مهرجان
· original أصلى
· competition منافسة
· train يتدرب- يدرب
· Trainer مدرب
· Trainee متدرب
· empireة امبراطوري
· attack يهجم
· earthquake زلزال
· volcano بركان
· courage شجاعة
· Courageous شجاع
· Coward جبان
· stripped of يحرم من
· Committee لجنة
· perform يؤدى
· performance أداء
· harmful to مؤذى - ضار
· champion بظل
· championship بطولة
· run out ينتهى - ينفذ
· skill مهارة
· skillful ماهر

Grammar
الأفعال Play , go , do تستخدم مع الألعاب الرياضية
أولاً : play يستخدم مع الألعاب التي نلعبها استخدام كرة.
· Example: play football, play basketball, play tennis, play table tennis.
ثانياً : go يستخدم مع الألعاب التي تنتهي حرف ...ing.
· Example: go swimming, go riding, go running, go wrestling.
ثالثاً: do يستخدم مع الرياضيات الأخرى.
· Example: do karate, do gymnastics.

Conjunctions
يوجد في اللغة الإنجليزية كلمات وعبارات لرابط جملتين أو أكثر لتصح جملة واحدة.
بدلاً من استعمال كلمة and فقط.
يوجد أيضاً الكلمات الآتية :
بالإضافة إلى , in addition to الإضافة إلى Besides ليس فقط ... ولكن أيضاً as well ...... , not only علاوة على ذلك as well as
Examples:
· On the feast we went to our uncle and the club.
· On the feast, besides going to our uncle, went to the club.
· -On the feast, in addition to going to our uncle, We went to the club.
· -On the feast, as well as going to our uncle, we went to the club.
· -On the feast, we not only went to our uncle, but we went to the club as well.
لاحظ الفرق في الاستخدام.
· Not only did we go to our uncle, but we also went to
· the club on the feast.
بدلاً من استعمال كلمة Because فقط.
يوجد أيضاً الكلمات الآتية نفس المعنى " لأن / س"
Since , as , due to , owing to
Examples:
· He didn’t go to the party because he was sick.
· Since he was tired, he went to bed.
· As he was ill, he couldn’t go to work.
· The student succeeded in the exam due to being clever (due to his cleverness )
· We didn’t go to the garden owing to bad weather.
أ- كلمات ربط بمعنى " لكي"

· That, so that, in order that, to, so as to, in order to.
- كلمات ربط معنى " خوفاً من / لئلا / خشيةً أن "
Lest, for fear that ,So as not to
Examples A:-
· The student studied hard so that he could get high marks.
· The student studied hard that he could get high marks.
· The student studied hard in order that he could get high marks.
· The student studied hard in order to get high marks.
· The student studied hard so as to get high marks.
· The student studied hard to get high marks.

Examples B :-
· He behaved well lest he should fall in trouble
· He behaved well for fear that he might fall in trouble
· He behaved well so as not to fall in trouble.

كلمات ربط بمعنى (But)
بالرغم من / مع أنAlthough , even though , however
Example:
· The dress was tight but the lady bought it.
· Although the dress was tight, the lady bought it.
· The lady bought the dress even though it was tight.
· The lady bought the dress, however it was tight.
كلمات ربط بمعنى (So)
ولذلك Therefore , consequently
Examples:
· He had a good command of English and computer so he got a very good job.
· He had a good command of English and computer, therefore he got a very good job.
· He had a good command of English and computer, consequently he got a very good job.
كلمات ربط بمعنى (If .. not)
إذا.... لم unless
Example:
· He won’t work unless you give him money in advance.
· He won’t work if you don’t give him money in advance

Unit 08 : Zarafa
Vocabulary
· Capture يأسر
· Welfare رفاهية
· Prosperity رخاء
· Transfer يحول
· handler راعى
· hand over يسلم الى
· dignityوقار - هيبة
· devoted مخلص
· Wonder يندهش
· Wander يتجول
· Gaze at يحملق
· Impression انطباع
· adore يولع - يحب
· Break into يندفع - يقتحم
· break out تشتعل
· platformرصيف محطة
· Pavementرصيف الشارع
· scratch يخدش
· approve يستحسن
· approval استحسان
· disapprove يستاء
· disapproval استياء
· reasonable معقول - على صواب
· athletics قوىألعاب
· on purpose عمدا
· paradiseجنة
· Hellجهنم
· Homesickمشتاق للوطن
· Homesicknessالحنين للوطن
· Trust يثق
· register يسجل - سجل
· nailsأظافر - مسامير
· Behaviour تصرف - سلوك
Grammar
المبني للمجهول The passive Voice
1- زمن المضارع البسيط: V . Present
( am /is /are + PP)
· Active: He studies many subjects everyday.
· Passive: Many subjects are studied everyday.
2- زمن الماضي البسيط :V. Past
(Was/were+PP)
· Active : she ate the meal in the kitchen yesterday.
· Passive : The meal was eaten in the kitchen yesterday.
3- زمن المستقبل البسيط :
(will,shall,can,may ... + be + PP)

· Active : I shall conquer them.
· Passive : they will be conquered.
4- زمن المضارع
البسيط \V + ing
am ,is ,are + being + pp
· Active : He is collecting stamps .
· Passive : Stamps are being collected.
5- زمن الماضي البسيط
was , were + being + PP
Active: Someone was painting the room when I arrived.
Passive: The room was being painted when I arrived.
6- زمن المضارع التام:
Have ,has + been +PP
· Active: She has switched on the lights.
· Passive: the lights have been switched on.
7- الماضي التام:
had +been + pp
· Active: The thieves had broken the fan
· Passive: The fan had been broken.
8- going to
· Active: They are going to build a bridge.
· Passive: A bridge is going to be built.
9- give
· Active: I gave him many pens.
· Passive: He was given many pens.
· Many pens were given to him.
10- Modals أفعال ناقصة:
· 10 - Active : She can clean the house.
· Passive : The house can be cleaned
11- الجملة التي تبدأ ـ No…………….
· Active : Nobody has heard of this teacher.
· Passive : This teacher hasn’t been heard of by any body

Unit 09 : Business around the world

Vocabulary

· Commerce تجارة
· employيوظف
· Employee موظف
· Employmentتوظيف
· unemployment بطالة
· gap فجوة
· expressيعبر
· expression تعبير
· manager مدير
· Sale بيع
· Produceينتج
· Production انتاج
· Colleagueزميل
· Growthالنمو
· break-up تدهور
· declineيتدهور - ينهار
· Association جمعية- اتحاد
· spices توابل
· includeيشمل - يضم
· containيحتوى
· consist of يتكون من
· caravanقافلة
· luxury goodsبضائع كمالية
· carry out ينفذ
· millennium ألفية
· materialsمواد
· the pressالصحافة
· mass media وسائل الاعلام
· training centreمركز تدريب
· trade routeطريق تجارى
· colonyمستعمرة
· frontiersحدود
· set upينشأ - يقيم
· localمحلى
· Transportالنقل - المواصلات
· Economyالأقتصاد
· economicsعلم الاقتصاد
· volumeحجم
· expand يتوسع
· expansion توسع
· exportيصدر - تصدير
· importيستورد - استيراد
· foreign tradeتجارة اجنبية
· result in يتسبب فى

Grammar :


1. - تحل محل الأشخاص - Who / that
· Ex.: The boy plays tennis. He is clever.-
· The boy who / that plays tennis is clever.-
· The boy who / that is clever plays tennis.-
· Ex : This man is the train driver. I was talking with him.
· This man, who / that I was talking with, is the train driver.-
2. - Which / that - تحل محل الأشياء
· Ex : this is a fast plane. I came to Cairo by it.
· This is a fast plane by which / that I came to Cairo.
3. Whose - تستعمل لكى تدل على الملكية
· Ex.: Samia studies English . Her mother is a teacher of Math.
· Samia whose mother is a teacher of math studies English.

ضمائر الوصل Relative Pronouns

4. Where (which / that) - تستعمل لكى تدل على المكان
· Ex: This is the school. I learnt English in it.
· -This is the school where I learnt English.

· This is the school in which / that I learnt English.
· This is the school which / that I learnt English in.

لاحظ حذف حرف الجر

5. When - تستعمل لكى تدل على الزمان
· Ex.: I played baseball, I was in America at that time.
· -I played baseball when I was in America.


- لابد من استعمال ضمير وصل عندما يحل محل الفاعل

ملحوظة

· Ex.: The boy who got the highest marks is my neighbor.
· Ex.: She put the books which / that were here on the shelf.
- لا نحتاج لاستعمال ضمير وصل عندما يحل المفعول
· Ex.: The boy (who / that) I met yesterday is careless.
· Ex.: The jacket (which / that) Samia bought is expensive.
7. بعد كلمة all نستخدم كلمة that
· Ex.: This all that I can do for you
6. which / who / that

Unit 10 : Revision

Test. A language Functions
A- supply the missing parts in the following dialogue between Baher and Ahmed about finding a job.
Ahmed : I am looking for a job.
Baher : #what kind of work do you want? #
Ahmed : secretarial work of any kind.
Baher : # When can you start ?#
Ahmed : I’m ready to start immediately.
Baher : #Do you know how to use a computer? #
Ahmed : of course, I have many courses in
Computer.
Baher : # what about English language ? #
Ahmed : I speak English well and a bit of
French.
Baher : I’ll keep you in mind.

A- give the situations.
A : Can I find silk shirts, please .
B : yes, we have the best collection.
A : How much is this shirt?
B : not too much and it is of the finest quality

Place : #clothes shop. Or shirts shop. #
Speaker A : #customer #
Speaker B : #shop assistant #
A : Excuse me , can you help me, please?
B : yes, It’s a pleasure.
A : I’d like to travel to Tanta.
B : The train will leave at 7 p.m. platform 2A.
A : Thank you.

Place :# Station . or train station #
Speaker A :# passenger #
Speaker B : # Train official, or booking clerk #

B . Vocabulary and structure
A- choose the correct answer from a,b,c and d.

1- Mount Everest is ………… mountain in the world.
The highest
High
Higher
As high as
2- The ………… place in the ocean is called “ challenger Deep “
deepest
deep
deeper
depth
3- The Piranha fish always hunt in ………… of
about twenty fish.
Schools
Herds
Fleets
Squadrons
4- Samy is not good ………… writing English.
At
In
On
With
5-Success at the Olympic games was a ………….. question for some countries.
Political
Police
Policy
Polite
6-Nowadays most of sports ……… are professionals.
Competitors
Competes
Contents
Contests
7- However ……… Aly is at sports, he won the medal of running race.
bad
wise
worst
the worst
8- The pupils went to the zoo …………… watch the giraffe.
so as to
so that
such So
9-When a school of Piranha fish is in a feeding ………, the water appears to boil with blood .
frenzy
party
ball
feast
10- ………… you don’t pay the plumber, he won’t do any work.
IF
Unless
Were
Should
11- The French people were surprised as the giraffe was a ………… present .
Strange
Familiar
Expensive
Elegant
12- A ………… is the person whom you work with at any place.
Colleague
College
Campaign
Company
13- In the 20th century , world trade ……… rapidly.
Increased
Decreased
Growth
Grown
14- No sooner …………… home than he met his uncle.
had he returned
he had re turned
is returning
returned
15- They, as well as I, ………. in grade two.
are
am
is
was
16- When the giraffe of France died, it was ………… and kept in a museum.
Stuffed
Filled
Burnt
Sent
A- Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to give the same meaning .
1- As samy had no money, he couldn’t buy a new car. (Owing to )
-Owing to having no money, Samy couldn’t buy a new car.
- Athletes are not allowed to use drugs. (Forbidden)
- It’s forbidden for athletes to use drugs
- Although the boy is polite, he insulted his friends. (However)
- However polite the boy is, he insulted his friends.
- She went to the cinema because she wanted to watch the new film. (so that)
- She went to the cinema so that she could watch the new film.
- The ship flew the flags of Egypt and France. (the flags)
-The flags of Egypt and France were flown by the ship.

C - Reading Comprehension
A-Read and then Write notes on the passage :
Dear Ahmed
While you were in the garage. Mr. Jack Philip Phoned to book a room for 13th May but I couldn’t find the booking forms.
So, here are his details. He wants a double room for 2 nights. Mr. Jack
will arrive at 2 p.m. He wants to pay by credit card (visa) its number
is 3221 9881 5441 .


Name :# Mr. Jack Philip#
Date of arrival: #12th May #
Method of payment: #credit card No 3221 9881 5441 #

A-Read the following passage and then answer the questions :
Our interviewer also spoke to Janet West. Her sister is an airhostess
for a famous international airlines, and Janet wants to become one too.
Of course, she is still too young. The minimum age for an airhostess is
twenty and Janet is only Just over sixteen. For the moment she has taken
a job in an office. But she is also going to attend evening classes. In
particular, she wants to improve her French and she has also decided to
take up a second language (probably Spanish).
This is because foreign languages are an essential qualification for an airhostess.
Later on, when she is about eighteen, she plans to work in a hotel for a
while. This will not be difficult to arrange because one of her uncles
is the manager of a big London hotel.
Among other things, she proposes to work in the kitchen and the dining - room.
This will be specially a valuable experience because an important part
of an airhostess’s work is to serve and feed the passengers.
Finally, she intends to study first-aids and perhaps, if she has the time, she will go and work in a hospital for a while.
Meanwhile Janet is gaining experience through her present job. For the
office where she works is a travel agency. In this way she is learning
not only how to deal with people but also quite a lot about the places
which she one day hopes to fly to.

A- Answer the following questions:
1- Why is Janet unable to get the Job of an airhostess?
because she is only just over sixteen.

2-What is the most needed for a successful airhostess?
Foreign languages are essential
-How is her job in the office going to be useful ?
because she is learning not only how to deal with people but also quite a
lot about the places which she one day hopes to fly to.

3-Why does Janet plan to do several jobs in the next four years?
To become a successful air hostess.

A- choose the correct answer:
4- When Janet becomes eighteen, she ……………
-Plans to work in a hotel
-Will work in an office
-Will apply for the job of an air hostess.
-Will take up languages
5- Janet is going to attend evening classes to …………
be better in French and learn Spanish
Learn French
Learn English
Learn Spanish
6- It will be easy for Jaunt to get a Job in a hotel because …………..
Her uncle is a hotel manager
Her sister is an airhostess
She wants to get experience
She is well experienced

D - The Novel
A-Answer the following questions:

1-what did the German Egyptologist tell Dr shereen in his e. mail?

He told her about a medicine from the root of "Echinacea Negro " against the bite of the black and yellow spider

2-How many known species of spiders are there in the world?

There are about 30 000 and the number goes up all the time.
3-What is Professor Malcolm Jones?

He is the head of zoology Department at Oxford University. He is one of the top archeologists in the world.

B-Read the following quotations and answer the questions:
“ If the spiders are unknown, there is no antivenom for them “
-Who said this sentence?
This sentence was said by Dr. Malcolm Jones.
- Why was it difficult to have antivenom ?
Because the venom has to be injected in animals and when they form
antibodies. Scientists extract these antibodies and try to make a safe
antivenom. This will take years.
- What did the listener and the speaker hope ?
They hoped the spider might be a known species so that they can have antivenom.

C -Complete the following sentences:
b- Ayman used the Internet for # his studies and making friends abroad. #
- Firemen and fire Department use protective clothes in # fighting fires # . # extinguishing fires #
- Captain Ahmed wanted professor Jones to # to tell him everything about spiders #

E. Writing
8- Write a paragraph of eight sentences about
Living in New cities
You can make use of the following points.
Healthy atmosphere - modern flats - parks wide streets - no pollution.

F. Translation
9- A- Translate into Arabic:
The progress of technology has changed the position of women in
society. She can take an active part in social life, but she can’t be
free from her role as a mother.
إن التقدم التكنولوجي قد غير مكانة المرأة في المجتمع . وأصح لها دوراً فعالاً في هذا المجتمع ولكن ذلك لا يلغى دورها كأم .
B- Translate into English
أكتشف الباحثون المصريون طبقات كثيفة من البترول في الصحراء الغرية
Egyptian researchers discovered thick layers of petroleum in the western desert