Unit 6 Tomorrow's World
Vocabulary
modern car سيارة حديثة personal شخصى
parts أجزاء own يمتلك
satellite قمر صناعى owner مالك
navigation ملاحة ordinary عادى
system نظام energy طاقة
airbag كيس هوائى batteries بطاريات
location موقع / مكان thirsty عطشان
inflate ينتفخ / يمتلئ بالهواء directions اتجاهات
crash حادث تصادم fly / flew / flown يطير / يسافر
event حدث electric cars سيارات تعمل بالكهرباء
control يتحكم فى / يسيطر على gases غازات
engine محرك / موتور pollute يلوث
report يبلغ عن polluted ملوث
problem مشكلة pollution التلوث
show يبين / يوضح air pollution تلوث الهواء
route طريق environment بيئة
traffic jam ازدحام المرور lungs الرئتين
narrator راوى exhaust عادم المحركات
fantastic رائع exhaust fumes أبخرة العادم
news أخبار lorries سيارات نقل
hope يأمل / يرجو / أمل damage يدمر / يتلف
inspector موجه / مفتش as well as بالإضافة إلى
expect يتوقع exhaust pollution تلوث ناتج عن العادم
umbrella شمسية burn يحرق
vehicles مركبات / وسائل نقل more efficiently than أكثر كفاءة من
bright لامع / مشرق design يصمم / تصميم
dark مظلم natural gas الغاز الطبيعى
arrange يرتب store يخزن
arrangement ترتيب fuel وقود
plan يخطط / خطة petrol vehicles سيارات تسير بالبنزين
fact حقيقة electricity الكهرباء
intend ينوى / يقصد petrol engines محركات تعمل بالبنزين
intension نية / قصد empty فارغ
predict يتنبأ بـ further أبعد
prediction تنبؤ charge يشحن
decide يقرر recharge يعيد شحن
decision قرار amount كمية / مقدار
evidence دليل discover يكتشف
(1)
oil زيت / بترول price سعر / ثمن
replacement بديل increase يزيد / يزداد
vegetable oil زيت نباتى decrease يخفض / يقلل
vegetable fuel وقود نباتى toys لعب
field حقل throw / threw / thrown يرمى / يلقى
oxygen أكسجين smoke يدخن
hydrogen هيدروجين smoking التدخين
geothermal powerطاقة مستمدة من الأرض firstly أولا
solar power الطاقة الشمسية secondly ثانيا
solve يحل thirdly ثالثا
solution حل lastly أخيرا
industry الصناعة be for يكون مؤيدا لـ
alcohol الكحول be against يكون معارضا لـ
situation موقف forms أنماط / أشكال
consequences نتائج suggestion اقتراح
Idioms & Expressions
a car with a computer سيارة بها كمبيوتر protect from يحمى من
have a baby تنجب طفل agree with يتفق مع
excited about سعيد بـ instead of بدلا من
bring in يحضر / يجلب able to + inf. قادر على
stay for dinner يمكث للعشاء in my opinion فى رأيى
pleased with مسرور من bad for ضار لـ
pleased about مسرور بخصوص a type of نوع من
turn on يشغل get wet يبتل
turn off يطفئ get better يتحسن
make arrangements يعمل ترتيبات get worse يسوء
make predictions يعمل تنبؤات lead to يؤدى إلى
leave for يرحل إلى blame for يلوم على
on the internet على الانترنت make energy out of ينتج طاقة من
by air جوا / بالطائرة run out ينفذ
go swimming يذهب للسباحة run out of يستهلك
make an offer يقدم عرضا make a decision يتخذ قرار
sit in a traffic jam يتوقف فى ازدحام المرور find a solution to يجد حلا لـ
fill with يمتلئ بـ in a few years' time فى خلال بضع سنوات
work on a problem يعمل على حل مشكلة find a replacement for يجد بديلا لـ
take over يتولى المسئولية do something about يعمل شيئا بشأن
run on يعمل بـ important for مهم لـ
on the way to فى الطريق إلى harmful to ضار لـ
in the next 10 years
خلال السنوات العشر القادمة drive on a road يقود سيارة على طريق
(2)
Confusable Words
affect / effect:
affect (v): يؤثّر في effect (n) تأثير
فاعل + affect + مفعول + ظرف
فاعل + have + a/an + صفة + effect + on + مفعول
- Eating the right food affects health well. (effect)
Eating the right food has a good effect on health.
discover / invent / explore:
discover: يكتشف (شيئا كان موجودا و لكنه كان مجهولا)
- Christopher Columbus discovered America.
invent: يخترع (شيئا لم يكن له وجود من قبل)
- Peter Captiza and others invented the artificial satellite in 1957.
explore: يستكشف (مكان)
- The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.
electric / electrical:
elerctric: كهربى (يعمل بالكهرباء أو يستخدم لحمل الكهرباء)
- Engineers have designed electric cars that use batteries.
electrical: كهربائى (يتعامل مع الكهرباء)
- My uncle works as an electrical engineers.
Language Notes
stop + مفعول + v. + ing: يمنع من
- We should stop people driving lorries in the city centre.
or / otherwise: و إلا
(تستخدم للتهديد و يأتى قبلها صيغة أمر أو نصيحة و بعدها مستقبل بسيط)
- Take your umbrella or you'll get wet.
suggest + v. + ing: يقترح
- He said, "Let's spend the evening in the club." (suggested)
He suggested spending the evening in the club.
suggest that + فاعل + should + مصدر : يقترح
- Tom said, "Why don't you look for another job?" (Tom suggested that…)
Tom suggested that I should look for another job.
(3)
Tapescript, Reading & Critical thinking
Modern cars
Modern cars have computers that control the engine and report any problems. They also have a satellite navigation system which shows the quickest route, tells about any traffic jams and helps you to find where you are, using satellites. and an airbag. They also have airbags that inflate and stop you being injured in a crash.
Cars without oil
The problems of cars exhaust gases:
Air pollution is a big problem for people and the environment. If you sit in traffic jam in Cairo, your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
Better engines and natural gas:
Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines which use natural gas, and many buses in Cairo and other cities use these engines.
Electric cars:
Engineers also designed electric cars that use batteries. The batteries in early electric cars could not as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant that they could not travel as far or as fast as petrol cars. Now, however, engineers have designed cars which use both electricity and petrol. When the battery is empty the petrol engine takes over, and when the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery, these cars can go further, using the same amount of petrol as ordinary cars.
The newest ideas:
Scientists have also discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil, which mean, that farmers will be able to grow fuel in their fields. And now engineers are working on a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. Experts believe that we may be able to buy cars using these batteries in the next ten years.
The end of oil:
We know that at some time in the future ,there will be no oil in the world ,so we need to find replacement for petrol as soon as possible.
(4)
How to protect the environment:
To protect the environment, people should only drive their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that cars and other vehicles are damaging our health and our world. To protect the environment, different countries have different ways of stopping this damage. In some places, for example, the price of petrol is very high. In other places, people have to pay to drive on some roads or in some cities.
Questions & answers:
1- What does a modern car have?
- It has a computer, a satellite navigation system, and an airbag.
2- How is the computer in the modern car useful?
- It controls the engine and report any problems.
3- Why does the modern car have a satellite navigation system?
- To show the quickest route, tell about any traffic jams and help you to find where you are, using satellites.
4- What is the importance of the airbag?
- It inflates and stops you being injured in a crash.
5- What will happen if you sit in a traffic jam in Cairo?
- Your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
6- Why is air pollution a big problem for people and the environment?
- Because air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
7- Where does the air pollution in big cities come from?
- Exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
8- How is natural gas used in some cities?
- It is used to run buses.
9- Why are exhaust fumes so harmful?
- Because they can damage our health and pollute our environment.
10- How are scientists working on the problem of exhaust pollution?
- They have developed cars that burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. They have also designed engines which use natural gas.
11- How are the engines in today's cars better than in the past?
- They burn petrol more efficiently.
12- How are cars that use engines and batteries better than early electric cars?
- When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes over, and this recharges the battery. early electric cars can run out of fuel when the battery was empty.
(5)
13- How do some cars use petrol and batteries together?
- When the battery is empty, the engine uses petrol. When the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery.
14- How will farmers be able to "grow fuel in their fields"?
- Scientists have discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil.
15- What may car batteries use in a few years' time?
- They may use oxygen and hydrogen.
16- Why is it so important for us to find a replacement for petrol soon?
- Because there will be no oil in the future.
17- Mention some forms of natural energy?
- Some forms of natural energy are wind power, wave / water power, geothermal power, and solar power.
18- What other things could people use for fuel in the future?
- They could use alcohol, solar power and wind energy.
19- How does industry affect the environment?
- Industry leads to pollution.
20- Do you think air pollution will get better or worse in the future? Why?
- I think it will get worse because the number of cars on roads is increasing everyday and there is no vital replacement for oil.
- I think it will get better because scientists will develop cleaner cars that use cleaner forms of energy.
21- Do you think it is important to spend time trying to solve the problem of exhaust pollution?
- Yes, because exhaust pollution can damage our health and pollute our environment.
22- Who is affected by pollution?
- People
23- Who or what is to blame for pollution?
- Car exhaust fumes from traffic, factories, etc.
24- What can we do about the problem of pollution?
- We can limit يحد من people's use of cars.
- We can develop cleaner forms of energy.
- We can develop engines and factories which do not produce تنتج waste فاقد in such great quantities. كميات
25- What do you think will happen when there is no oil?
- Scientists will look for other sources of energy.
(6)
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- I've run (out-out of-on-up) milk. So I'll get some
2- They'd (did-worked-played-made) all the arrangements for the party.
3- (Lungs-Hearts-Ears-Eyes) are parts of your body that fill with air when we breathe.
4- Scientists are working (in-with-on-at) a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen.
5- A car (ship-satellite-plane-star) navigation system tells you the quickest route.
6- Leila's sister and her husband will (go-give-do-have) a baby.
7- The inspector is arriving at 10 o'clock (on-at-in-with) Thursday morning.
8- The teacher asked us to (do-give-make-get) a prediction about life ten years from now.
9- I felt a few spots of rain so I put my (battery-umbrella-airbag-satellite) up.
10- Lucy and Paul are probably staying (at-for-in-to) dinner this evening.
11- Modern cars have computers that control the engine and (report-tell-write-say) any problems.
12- A satellite navigation system tells about any (terrific-terrifying-traffic-terrified) jams and helps you to find your location.
13- (Batteries-Engines-Computers-Airbags) in modern cars inflate and stop you being injured in a crash.
14- Air (population-pollution-popularity-personality) is a big problem for people and the environment.
15- If you sit in traffic jam in Cairo, your lungs will (fill-fall-feel-fell) with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
16- Air which is polluted by (exhausted-exhaustion-exhausting-exhaust) fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
17- Scientists are working (in-on-at-for) the problem of exhaust pollution.
18- Engineers have designed (electric-electricity-electrical-traffic) cars that use batteries.
19- Scientists have discovered that cars can run (out-out of-into-on) vegetable oil.
20- We need to find (place-space-reproduction-replacement) for petrol as soon as possible.
21- Cars and other vehicles are (protecting-damaging-preventing-providing) our health and our world.
22- All living things need (oxygen-nitrogen-carbon dioxide-alcohol) to breathe.
23- (A battery-A battle-An umbrella-An airbag) stores electricity for a car, radio.
24- When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes (on-over-in-off).
25- The best way to protect the environment is to (encourage-warn-punish-stop) people driving cars.
26- Vegetable oil means that farmers will be able to (grow-make-do-work) fuel in their fields.
27- When the battery is empty, it needs to be (repaired-recharged-fixed-thrown).
28- Water power and geothermal power are forms of (artificial-solar-wind-natural) energy are.
(7)
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- We decided to go to the theatre. (decision)
2- He said, "Let's go for a swim." (suggested)
3- Let him do what he wants. (stop)
4- If you don't eat more, you'll make yourself ill. (or)
5- Pollution affects the environment badly. (effect)
Language Focus
The future المستقبل
هناك طرق مختلفة للتعبير عن المستقبل:
1) will + inf. مصدر) ) سوف
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
فاعل + will / 'll + مصدر
- I will see you tomorrow.
- We'll see you tomorrow.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
فاعل + will not / won't + مصدر
- I will not see you tomorrow.
- We won't see you tomorrow.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + will + فاعل + مصدر ?
- When will you arrive?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Will + فاعل + مصدر ?
- Will he be late?
Yes, he will.
No, he won't.
(8)
Use will + مصدر + for: will استخدامات
predictions: لعمل تنبؤات فى المستقبل
- I expect Lucy and Paul will stay for dinner.
future facts: للتعبير عن حقائق مستقبلية
- It's my birthday next Tuesday. I'll be seventeen.
quick decisions: لاتخاذ قرارات سريعة
- Oh, that's the doorbell. I'll get it.
offers: عند عرض المساعدة
- I'll make dinner tonight.
requests: للطلب
- Will you open the door for me, please?
threats: للتهديد
- I'll resign يستقيل if I don't get a pay rise.
promises: للوعود
- I'll buy you a mobile phone if you succeed.
Common errors: أخطاء شائعة
Correct صح Wrong خطأ Notes ملاحظات
-The water's boiling – I'll switch it off in a minute. -The water's boiling – I'm switching it off in a minute. نستخدم will عند اتخاذ قرار سريع و ليس المضارع المستمر
2) going to + infinitive (مصدر) سوف
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
I am ('m) + going to + مصدر
He / She / It is ('s) + going to + مصدر
We / You / They are ('re) + going to + مصدر
- I am ('m) going to work hard this term.
- He / She is ('s) going to work hard this term.
- We / You / They are ('re) going to work hard this term.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
I am not ('m not) + going to + مصدر
He / She / It is not (isn't) + going to + مصدر
We / You / They are not (aren't) + going to + مصدر
- I am not ('m not) going to work hard this term.
(9)
- He / She is not (isn't) going to work hard this term.
- We / You / They are not (aren't) going to work hard this term.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + am / is / are + فاعل + going to + مصدر ?
- What are you / we / they going to do tomorrow morning?
- What is he / she going to do tomorrow morning?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Am / Is / Are + فاعل + going to + مصدر ?
- Are you / we / they going to work hard?
Yes, they are. No, the aren't.
- Is he / she going to work hard?
Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Use going to + مصدر + for: going to استخدامات
future plans, intensions and decisions: للخطط و النوايا و القرارات المستقبلية
- Next month I'm going to buy a new car.
- "Why are you turning on the TV?” I’m going to watch the news."
- I’m going to study medicine.
future predictions with evidence: تنبؤات فى المستقبل قائمة على دليل
- There are clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
- It's really dark. I think it's going to rain.
- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?"
"Yes, my sister is going to have a baby."
Common errors: أخطاء شائعة
Correct صح Wrong خطأ Notes ملاحظات
-What are you going to do now?
I'm going to watch television.
-I'm watching television. يمكن أن تخطط أو تقرر مشاهدة التليفزيون و لكن لا يمكن أن ترتب لذلك
3) Present continuous المضارع المستمر
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
I am ('m) + v. + ing
He / She / It is ('s) + v. + ing
We / You / They are ('re) + v. + ing
- I am ('m) catching the 10 o'clock train.
(10)
- He / She is ('s) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- We / You / They are ('re) catching the 10 o'clock train.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
I am not ('m not) + v. + ing
He / She / It is not (isn't) + v.+ ing
We / You / They are not (aren't) + v. + ing
- I am not ('m not) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- He / She is not (isn't) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- We / You / They are not (aren't) catching the 10 o'clock train.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + am / is / are + فاعل + v. + ing ?
- When are you / we / they leaving for the airport?
- When is he / she leaving for the airport?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Am / Is / Are + فاعل + v. + ing ?
- Are you / we / they leaving at 6 o'clock?
Yes, they are. No, the aren't.
- Is he / she leaving at 6 o'clock?
Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Use present continuous for: استخدامات المضارع المستمر
arrangements and completed plans: للرتيبات المستقبلية و الخطط التى تمت
- The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at 10 o'clock.
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-will be flying) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket.
2- I think it (will rain-is going to rain-is raining-rains). The sky is cloudy.
3- "The phone is ringing." "I (answer-am going to answer-am answering-will answer) it."
4- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?"
"Yes, my sister (has-is having-is going to have-will have) a baby."
5- "Why are you turning on the TV?” I (am going to watch-will watch-am watching-watch) the news."
6- We haven't got any tea." "It's ok. I (am going to get-am getting-get-will get) some."
7- "How old are you?" "I (am being-am going to be-will be-am) 16 on Saturday.
(11)
8- "When are you leaving for Rome?" "I (will leave-am going to leave-am leaving-have left) tomorrow afternoon."
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- We decided to go to the theatre. (going to)
2- They intend to fly to Rome next week. (are)
3- He plans to spend the summer holiday in Greece. (going to)
4- I threaten to punish you if you make noise. (will)
5- Do you intend to visit Luxor next month? (Will)
Test
A) Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue between Samy and Hany who was absent from school yesterday.
Samy: Why were you absent yesterday?
Hany : …………………………………………………………………………….. .
Samy: ……………………………………………………………….…………… ?
Hany : Yes, I went to the doctor.
Samy: ……………………………………………………………………………….?
Hany: To take some pills and take rest for a week.
Samy: How are you now?
Hany: ……………………………………………………………………………. .
2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- Your friend asks you what your plans are for today.
2- Tell your friend about your family's summer holiday plans (a month in Spain).
3- Your sister wants to know what you are going to do at the weekend.
4- Someone asks about your age on your next birthday. What do you say?
B) Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Today, car engines burn petrol more………………than in the past
a) successfully b) efficiently c) quickly d) carefully
2- Big cities are often crowded and have air …………………….. .
a) environment b) condensation c) traffic d) pollution
3- Our …………….. fill with air when we breathe.
a) ears b) eyes c) lungs d) hands
4- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the ………….. jam.
a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident
5- I think it's going to rain because the sky is really dark.
a) is going to rain b) is raining c) rains d) will rain
(12)
6- Take your umbrella with you or you ………………. wet.
a) get b) will get c) are getting d) would get
7- ……………… my opinion, we can find a solution to the housing problem.
a) In b) For c) On d) With
8- Industry ……………….. to pollution.
a) needs b) leads c) causes d) affects
9- Cars and buses run ………………….. oil.
a) with b) by c) out d) on
10- We need to find a ………………… for oil as soon as possible.
a) placement b) replacement c) change d) choice
4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- If you don't take the medicine you won't get better. (or)
2- I intend to buy a new mobile. (going to
3- I arranged to travel to London next week. (traveling)
4- Smoking affects health badly. (effect)
5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
People should do their best to protect their health and the environment. They should only (1)………………….. their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that cars and other vehicles are (2)………………… our health and our world. The problem is (3)…………. worse every year. To protect the environment, different countries have different ways of (4)……………….. this damage. In some places, for example, the price of petrol is very (5)………………… . In other places, people have to pay to drive (6)…………………. some roads or in some cities.
C) Read Comprehension and Set Books
6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:
The celebration of Earth Day began in the city of San Francisco and was started by their mayor at the request of John McConnell. The first Earth Day celebration was held on March 21, 1970, which was the first day of spring.
Earth Day is important because it reminds us to stop and look at the problems of our environment. We need to make plans to recycle materials that are recyclable and to clean up our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Pollution is causing danger to the air we breathe, our soil, and our water sources. Industries, automobiles, and others are releasing dangerous smoke in to our atmosphere and the air we breathe. This cause health problems to people living on Earth.
Each of us must do our part to recycle and reuse products instead of throwing them away. The trash we deliver to our landfills each week is taking up valuable land and space we need for homes and farms.
Earth Day is now celebrated each year on April 22 nd. Schools around the world take part in making sure that our world is a cleaner place. Students volunteer to pick up trash at their schools, homes, and neighborhoods to do their part in helping our environment.
(13)
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Where did Earth Day begin?
2- Who requested this celebration of our Earth?
3- What is the importance of Earth Day?
4- What can we do to help keep trash out of our landfills?
B) Choose the correct answer:
5- The smoke released in to the air we breathe by automobiles and industry is ………………… .
a) healthy to breathe b) unhealthy to breathe
c) helpful to plants d) helpful to animals
6- What does Earth Day help us to do?
a) think of ways to recycle materials b) pick up trash
c) clean up our water sources d) all of these
7- What can students do to help celebrate Earth Day?
a) have a party for the Earth b) sing songs
c) pick up trash in their community d) none of these
7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:
1- Why are new car engines less dangerous than old ones?
2- What is to blame for pollution in our environment?
3- Why is it so important to find replacement for petrol?
4- How does polluted air affect us?
5- What produces exhaust fumes?
6- How is an airbag useful in a car?
D) The Novel
8- A) Answer the following questions:
1) What remarkable ability did the writer have?
2) How did the writer overcome his trouble with names?
3) How was the weather when the writer and the stranger got out of the station?
4) Why did the writer offer to give the stranger a lift?
B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"Wanted for robbery with violence and attempted murder."
1- Where did the writer see these words?
2- About whom were these words?
3- Why were the police looking for the man?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
"How to protect our environment from pollution"
(14)
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic:
1- Exhaust fumes damage health and the environment.
2- it is expected that oil will run out.
B) Translate into English:
ان مشكلة التلوث مشكلة كبيرة للناس و البيئة
Vocabulary
modern car سيارة حديثة personal شخصى
parts أجزاء own يمتلك
satellite قمر صناعى owner مالك
navigation ملاحة ordinary عادى
system نظام energy طاقة
airbag كيس هوائى batteries بطاريات
location موقع / مكان thirsty عطشان
inflate ينتفخ / يمتلئ بالهواء directions اتجاهات
crash حادث تصادم fly / flew / flown يطير / يسافر
event حدث electric cars سيارات تعمل بالكهرباء
control يتحكم فى / يسيطر على gases غازات
engine محرك / موتور pollute يلوث
report يبلغ عن polluted ملوث
problem مشكلة pollution التلوث
show يبين / يوضح air pollution تلوث الهواء
route طريق environment بيئة
traffic jam ازدحام المرور lungs الرئتين
narrator راوى exhaust عادم المحركات
fantastic رائع exhaust fumes أبخرة العادم
news أخبار lorries سيارات نقل
hope يأمل / يرجو / أمل damage يدمر / يتلف
inspector موجه / مفتش as well as بالإضافة إلى
expect يتوقع exhaust pollution تلوث ناتج عن العادم
umbrella شمسية burn يحرق
vehicles مركبات / وسائل نقل more efficiently than أكثر كفاءة من
bright لامع / مشرق design يصمم / تصميم
dark مظلم natural gas الغاز الطبيعى
arrange يرتب store يخزن
arrangement ترتيب fuel وقود
plan يخطط / خطة petrol vehicles سيارات تسير بالبنزين
fact حقيقة electricity الكهرباء
intend ينوى / يقصد petrol engines محركات تعمل بالبنزين
intension نية / قصد empty فارغ
predict يتنبأ بـ further أبعد
prediction تنبؤ charge يشحن
decide يقرر recharge يعيد شحن
decision قرار amount كمية / مقدار
evidence دليل discover يكتشف
(1)
oil زيت / بترول price سعر / ثمن
replacement بديل increase يزيد / يزداد
vegetable oil زيت نباتى decrease يخفض / يقلل
vegetable fuel وقود نباتى toys لعب
field حقل throw / threw / thrown يرمى / يلقى
oxygen أكسجين smoke يدخن
hydrogen هيدروجين smoking التدخين
geothermal powerطاقة مستمدة من الأرض firstly أولا
solar power الطاقة الشمسية secondly ثانيا
solve يحل thirdly ثالثا
solution حل lastly أخيرا
industry الصناعة be for يكون مؤيدا لـ
alcohol الكحول be against يكون معارضا لـ
situation موقف forms أنماط / أشكال
consequences نتائج suggestion اقتراح
Idioms & Expressions
a car with a computer سيارة بها كمبيوتر protect from يحمى من
have a baby تنجب طفل agree with يتفق مع
excited about سعيد بـ instead of بدلا من
bring in يحضر / يجلب able to + inf. قادر على
stay for dinner يمكث للعشاء in my opinion فى رأيى
pleased with مسرور من bad for ضار لـ
pleased about مسرور بخصوص a type of نوع من
turn on يشغل get wet يبتل
turn off يطفئ get better يتحسن
make arrangements يعمل ترتيبات get worse يسوء
make predictions يعمل تنبؤات lead to يؤدى إلى
leave for يرحل إلى blame for يلوم على
on the internet على الانترنت make energy out of ينتج طاقة من
by air جوا / بالطائرة run out ينفذ
go swimming يذهب للسباحة run out of يستهلك
make an offer يقدم عرضا make a decision يتخذ قرار
sit in a traffic jam يتوقف فى ازدحام المرور find a solution to يجد حلا لـ
fill with يمتلئ بـ in a few years' time فى خلال بضع سنوات
work on a problem يعمل على حل مشكلة find a replacement for يجد بديلا لـ
take over يتولى المسئولية do something about يعمل شيئا بشأن
run on يعمل بـ important for مهم لـ
on the way to فى الطريق إلى harmful to ضار لـ
in the next 10 years
خلال السنوات العشر القادمة drive on a road يقود سيارة على طريق
(2)
Confusable Words
affect / effect:
affect (v): يؤثّر في effect (n) تأثير
فاعل + affect + مفعول + ظرف
فاعل + have + a/an + صفة + effect + on + مفعول
- Eating the right food affects health well. (effect)
Eating the right food has a good effect on health.
discover / invent / explore:
discover: يكتشف (شيئا كان موجودا و لكنه كان مجهولا)
- Christopher Columbus discovered America.
invent: يخترع (شيئا لم يكن له وجود من قبل)
- Peter Captiza and others invented the artificial satellite in 1957.
explore: يستكشف (مكان)
- The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.
electric / electrical:
elerctric: كهربى (يعمل بالكهرباء أو يستخدم لحمل الكهرباء)
- Engineers have designed electric cars that use batteries.
electrical: كهربائى (يتعامل مع الكهرباء)
- My uncle works as an electrical engineers.
Language Notes
stop + مفعول + v. + ing: يمنع من
- We should stop people driving lorries in the city centre.
or / otherwise: و إلا
(تستخدم للتهديد و يأتى قبلها صيغة أمر أو نصيحة و بعدها مستقبل بسيط)
- Take your umbrella or you'll get wet.
suggest + v. + ing: يقترح
- He said, "Let's spend the evening in the club." (suggested)
He suggested spending the evening in the club.
suggest that + فاعل + should + مصدر : يقترح
- Tom said, "Why don't you look for another job?" (Tom suggested that…)
Tom suggested that I should look for another job.
(3)
Tapescript, Reading & Critical thinking
Modern cars
Modern cars have computers that control the engine and report any problems. They also have a satellite navigation system which shows the quickest route, tells about any traffic jams and helps you to find where you are, using satellites. and an airbag. They also have airbags that inflate and stop you being injured in a crash.
Cars without oil
The problems of cars exhaust gases:
Air pollution is a big problem for people and the environment. If you sit in traffic jam in Cairo, your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
Better engines and natural gas:
Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines which use natural gas, and many buses in Cairo and other cities use these engines.
Electric cars:
Engineers also designed electric cars that use batteries. The batteries in early electric cars could not as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant that they could not travel as far or as fast as petrol cars. Now, however, engineers have designed cars which use both electricity and petrol. When the battery is empty the petrol engine takes over, and when the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery, these cars can go further, using the same amount of petrol as ordinary cars.
The newest ideas:
Scientists have also discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil, which mean, that farmers will be able to grow fuel in their fields. And now engineers are working on a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. Experts believe that we may be able to buy cars using these batteries in the next ten years.
The end of oil:
We know that at some time in the future ,there will be no oil in the world ,so we need to find replacement for petrol as soon as possible.
(4)
How to protect the environment:
To protect the environment, people should only drive their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that cars and other vehicles are damaging our health and our world. To protect the environment, different countries have different ways of stopping this damage. In some places, for example, the price of petrol is very high. In other places, people have to pay to drive on some roads or in some cities.
Questions & answers:
1- What does a modern car have?
- It has a computer, a satellite navigation system, and an airbag.
2- How is the computer in the modern car useful?
- It controls the engine and report any problems.
3- Why does the modern car have a satellite navigation system?
- To show the quickest route, tell about any traffic jams and help you to find where you are, using satellites.
4- What is the importance of the airbag?
- It inflates and stops you being injured in a crash.
5- What will happen if you sit in a traffic jam in Cairo?
- Your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
6- Why is air pollution a big problem for people and the environment?
- Because air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
7- Where does the air pollution in big cities come from?
- Exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
8- How is natural gas used in some cities?
- It is used to run buses.
9- Why are exhaust fumes so harmful?
- Because they can damage our health and pollute our environment.
10- How are scientists working on the problem of exhaust pollution?
- They have developed cars that burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. They have also designed engines which use natural gas.
11- How are the engines in today's cars better than in the past?
- They burn petrol more efficiently.
12- How are cars that use engines and batteries better than early electric cars?
- When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes over, and this recharges the battery. early electric cars can run out of fuel when the battery was empty.
(5)
13- How do some cars use petrol and batteries together?
- When the battery is empty, the engine uses petrol. When the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery.
14- How will farmers be able to "grow fuel in their fields"?
- Scientists have discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil.
15- What may car batteries use in a few years' time?
- They may use oxygen and hydrogen.
16- Why is it so important for us to find a replacement for petrol soon?
- Because there will be no oil in the future.
17- Mention some forms of natural energy?
- Some forms of natural energy are wind power, wave / water power, geothermal power, and solar power.
18- What other things could people use for fuel in the future?
- They could use alcohol, solar power and wind energy.
19- How does industry affect the environment?
- Industry leads to pollution.
20- Do you think air pollution will get better or worse in the future? Why?
- I think it will get worse because the number of cars on roads is increasing everyday and there is no vital replacement for oil.
- I think it will get better because scientists will develop cleaner cars that use cleaner forms of energy.
21- Do you think it is important to spend time trying to solve the problem of exhaust pollution?
- Yes, because exhaust pollution can damage our health and pollute our environment.
22- Who is affected by pollution?
- People
23- Who or what is to blame for pollution?
- Car exhaust fumes from traffic, factories, etc.
24- What can we do about the problem of pollution?
- We can limit يحد من people's use of cars.
- We can develop cleaner forms of energy.
- We can develop engines and factories which do not produce تنتج waste فاقد in such great quantities. كميات
25- What do you think will happen when there is no oil?
- Scientists will look for other sources of energy.
(6)
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- I've run (out-out of-on-up) milk. So I'll get some
2- They'd (did-worked-played-made) all the arrangements for the party.
3- (Lungs-Hearts-Ears-Eyes) are parts of your body that fill with air when we breathe.
4- Scientists are working (in-with-on-at) a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen.
5- A car (ship-satellite-plane-star) navigation system tells you the quickest route.
6- Leila's sister and her husband will (go-give-do-have) a baby.
7- The inspector is arriving at 10 o'clock (on-at-in-with) Thursday morning.
8- The teacher asked us to (do-give-make-get) a prediction about life ten years from now.
9- I felt a few spots of rain so I put my (battery-umbrella-airbag-satellite) up.
10- Lucy and Paul are probably staying (at-for-in-to) dinner this evening.
11- Modern cars have computers that control the engine and (report-tell-write-say) any problems.
12- A satellite navigation system tells about any (terrific-terrifying-traffic-terrified) jams and helps you to find your location.
13- (Batteries-Engines-Computers-Airbags) in modern cars inflate and stop you being injured in a crash.
14- Air (population-pollution-popularity-personality) is a big problem for people and the environment.
15- If you sit in traffic jam in Cairo, your lungs will (fill-fall-feel-fell) with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries.
16- Air which is polluted by (exhausted-exhaustion-exhausting-exhaust) fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.
17- Scientists are working (in-on-at-for) the problem of exhaust pollution.
18- Engineers have designed (electric-electricity-electrical-traffic) cars that use batteries.
19- Scientists have discovered that cars can run (out-out of-into-on) vegetable oil.
20- We need to find (place-space-reproduction-replacement) for petrol as soon as possible.
21- Cars and other vehicles are (protecting-damaging-preventing-providing) our health and our world.
22- All living things need (oxygen-nitrogen-carbon dioxide-alcohol) to breathe.
23- (A battery-A battle-An umbrella-An airbag) stores electricity for a car, radio.
24- When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes (on-over-in-off).
25- The best way to protect the environment is to (encourage-warn-punish-stop) people driving cars.
26- Vegetable oil means that farmers will be able to (grow-make-do-work) fuel in their fields.
27- When the battery is empty, it needs to be (repaired-recharged-fixed-thrown).
28- Water power and geothermal power are forms of (artificial-solar-wind-natural) energy are.
(7)
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- We decided to go to the theatre. (decision)
2- He said, "Let's go for a swim." (suggested)
3- Let him do what he wants. (stop)
4- If you don't eat more, you'll make yourself ill. (or)
5- Pollution affects the environment badly. (effect)
Language Focus
The future المستقبل
هناك طرق مختلفة للتعبير عن المستقبل:
1) will + inf. مصدر) ) سوف
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
فاعل + will / 'll + مصدر
- I will see you tomorrow.
- We'll see you tomorrow.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
فاعل + will not / won't + مصدر
- I will not see you tomorrow.
- We won't see you tomorrow.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + will + فاعل + مصدر ?
- When will you arrive?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Will + فاعل + مصدر ?
- Will he be late?
Yes, he will.
No, he won't.
(8)
Use will + مصدر + for: will استخدامات
predictions: لعمل تنبؤات فى المستقبل
- I expect Lucy and Paul will stay for dinner.
future facts: للتعبير عن حقائق مستقبلية
- It's my birthday next Tuesday. I'll be seventeen.
quick decisions: لاتخاذ قرارات سريعة
- Oh, that's the doorbell. I'll get it.
offers: عند عرض المساعدة
- I'll make dinner tonight.
requests: للطلب
- Will you open the door for me, please?
threats: للتهديد
- I'll resign يستقيل if I don't get a pay rise.
promises: للوعود
- I'll buy you a mobile phone if you succeed.
Common errors: أخطاء شائعة
Correct صح Wrong خطأ Notes ملاحظات
-The water's boiling – I'll switch it off in a minute. -The water's boiling – I'm switching it off in a minute. نستخدم will عند اتخاذ قرار سريع و ليس المضارع المستمر
2) going to + infinitive (مصدر) سوف
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
I am ('m) + going to + مصدر
He / She / It is ('s) + going to + مصدر
We / You / They are ('re) + going to + مصدر
- I am ('m) going to work hard this term.
- He / She is ('s) going to work hard this term.
- We / You / They are ('re) going to work hard this term.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
I am not ('m not) + going to + مصدر
He / She / It is not (isn't) + going to + مصدر
We / You / They are not (aren't) + going to + مصدر
- I am not ('m not) going to work hard this term.
(9)
- He / She is not (isn't) going to work hard this term.
- We / You / They are not (aren't) going to work hard this term.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + am / is / are + فاعل + going to + مصدر ?
- What are you / we / they going to do tomorrow morning?
- What is he / she going to do tomorrow morning?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Am / Is / Are + فاعل + going to + مصدر ?
- Are you / we / they going to work hard?
Yes, they are. No, the aren't.
- Is he / she going to work hard?
Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Use going to + مصدر + for: going to استخدامات
future plans, intensions and decisions: للخطط و النوايا و القرارات المستقبلية
- Next month I'm going to buy a new car.
- "Why are you turning on the TV?” I’m going to watch the news."
- I’m going to study medicine.
future predictions with evidence: تنبؤات فى المستقبل قائمة على دليل
- There are clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
- It's really dark. I think it's going to rain.
- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?"
"Yes, my sister is going to have a baby."
Common errors: أخطاء شائعة
Correct صح Wrong خطأ Notes ملاحظات
-What are you going to do now?
I'm going to watch television.
-I'm watching television. يمكن أن تخطط أو تقرر مشاهدة التليفزيون و لكن لا يمكن أن ترتب لذلك
3) Present continuous المضارع المستمر
A) Affirmative: فى حالة الاثبات
I am ('m) + v. + ing
He / She / It is ('s) + v. + ing
We / You / They are ('re) + v. + ing
- I am ('m) catching the 10 o'clock train.
(10)
- He / She is ('s) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- We / You / They are ('re) catching the 10 o'clock train.
B) Negative: فى حالة النفى
I am not ('m not) + v. + ing
He / She / It is not (isn't) + v.+ ing
We / You / They are not (aren't) + v. + ing
- I am not ('m not) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- He / She is not (isn't) catching the 10 o'clock train.
- We / You / They are not (aren't) catching the 10 o'clock train.
C) Wh – questions: فى حالة الاسئلة باستخدام أداة استفهام
أداة استفهام + am / is / are + فاعل + v. + ing ?
- When are you / we / they leaving for the airport?
- When is he / she leaving for the airport?
D) Yes / No questions and short answers:
فى حالة الاسئلة التى يجاب عليها بنعم أو لا
Am / Is / Are + فاعل + v. + ing ?
- Are you / we / they leaving at 6 o'clock?
Yes, they are. No, the aren't.
- Is he / she leaving at 6 o'clock?
Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Use present continuous for: استخدامات المضارع المستمر
arrangements and completed plans: للرتيبات المستقبلية و الخطط التى تمت
- The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at 10 o'clock.
@ Choose the correct answer:
1- He (will fly-is going to fly-is flying-will be flying) to London tomorrow. He’s got his ticket.
2- I think it (will rain-is going to rain-is raining-rains). The sky is cloudy.
3- "The phone is ringing." "I (answer-am going to answer-am answering-will answer) it."
4- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?"
"Yes, my sister (has-is having-is going to have-will have) a baby."
5- "Why are you turning on the TV?” I (am going to watch-will watch-am watching-watch) the news."
6- We haven't got any tea." "It's ok. I (am going to get-am getting-get-will get) some."
7- "How old are you?" "I (am being-am going to be-will be-am) 16 on Saturday.
(11)
8- "When are you leaving for Rome?" "I (will leave-am going to leave-am leaving-have left) tomorrow afternoon."
@ Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- We decided to go to the theatre. (going to)
2- They intend to fly to Rome next week. (are)
3- He plans to spend the summer holiday in Greece. (going to)
4- I threaten to punish you if you make noise. (will)
5- Do you intend to visit Luxor next month? (Will)
Test
A) Language Functions
1- Finish the following dialogue between Samy and Hany who was absent from school yesterday.
Samy: Why were you absent yesterday?
Hany : …………………………………………………………………………….. .
Samy: ……………………………………………………………….…………… ?
Hany : Yes, I went to the doctor.
Samy: ……………………………………………………………………………….?
Hany: To take some pills and take rest for a week.
Samy: How are you now?
Hany: ……………………………………………………………………………. .
2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1- Your friend asks you what your plans are for today.
2- Tell your friend about your family's summer holiday plans (a month in Spain).
3- Your sister wants to know what you are going to do at the weekend.
4- Someone asks about your age on your next birthday. What do you say?
B) Vocabulary and Structure
3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Today, car engines burn petrol more………………than in the past
a) successfully b) efficiently c) quickly d) carefully
2- Big cities are often crowded and have air …………………….. .
a) environment b) condensation c) traffic d) pollution
3- Our …………….. fill with air when we breathe.
a) ears b) eyes c) lungs d) hands
4- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the ………….. jam.
a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident
5- I think it's going to rain because the sky is really dark.
a) is going to rain b) is raining c) rains d) will rain
(12)
6- Take your umbrella with you or you ………………. wet.
a) get b) will get c) are getting d) would get
7- ……………… my opinion, we can find a solution to the housing problem.
a) In b) For c) On d) With
8- Industry ……………….. to pollution.
a) needs b) leads c) causes d) affects
9- Cars and buses run ………………….. oil.
a) with b) by c) out d) on
10- We need to find a ………………… for oil as soon as possible.
a) placement b) replacement c) change d) choice
4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- If you don't take the medicine you won't get better. (or)
2- I intend to buy a new mobile. (going to
3- I arranged to travel to London next week. (traveling)
4- Smoking affects health badly. (effect)
5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:
People should do their best to protect their health and the environment. They should only (1)………………….. their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that cars and other vehicles are (2)………………… our health and our world. The problem is (3)…………. worse every year. To protect the environment, different countries have different ways of (4)……………….. this damage. In some places, for example, the price of petrol is very (5)………………… . In other places, people have to pay to drive (6)…………………. some roads or in some cities.
C) Read Comprehension and Set Books
6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:
The celebration of Earth Day began in the city of San Francisco and was started by their mayor at the request of John McConnell. The first Earth Day celebration was held on March 21, 1970, which was the first day of spring.
Earth Day is important because it reminds us to stop and look at the problems of our environment. We need to make plans to recycle materials that are recyclable and to clean up our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Pollution is causing danger to the air we breathe, our soil, and our water sources. Industries, automobiles, and others are releasing dangerous smoke in to our atmosphere and the air we breathe. This cause health problems to people living on Earth.
Each of us must do our part to recycle and reuse products instead of throwing them away. The trash we deliver to our landfills each week is taking up valuable land and space we need for homes and farms.
Earth Day is now celebrated each year on April 22 nd. Schools around the world take part in making sure that our world is a cleaner place. Students volunteer to pick up trash at their schools, homes, and neighborhoods to do their part in helping our environment.
(13)
A) Answer the following questions:
1- Where did Earth Day begin?
2- Who requested this celebration of our Earth?
3- What is the importance of Earth Day?
4- What can we do to help keep trash out of our landfills?
B) Choose the correct answer:
5- The smoke released in to the air we breathe by automobiles and industry is ………………… .
a) healthy to breathe b) unhealthy to breathe
c) helpful to plants d) helpful to animals
6- What does Earth Day help us to do?
a) think of ways to recycle materials b) pick up trash
c) clean up our water sources d) all of these
7- What can students do to help celebrate Earth Day?
a) have a party for the Earth b) sing songs
c) pick up trash in their community d) none of these
7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:
1- Why are new car engines less dangerous than old ones?
2- What is to blame for pollution in our environment?
3- Why is it so important to find replacement for petrol?
4- How does polluted air affect us?
5- What produces exhaust fumes?
6- How is an airbag useful in a car?
D) The Novel
8- A) Answer the following questions:
1) What remarkable ability did the writer have?
2) How did the writer overcome his trouble with names?
3) How was the weather when the writer and the stranger got out of the station?
4) Why did the writer offer to give the stranger a lift?
B) Read the following quotation, then answer the questions:
"Wanted for robbery with violence and attempted murder."
1- Where did the writer see these words?
2- About whom were these words?
3- Why were the police looking for the man?
E) Writing
9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
"How to protect our environment from pollution"
(14)
F) Translation
10- A) Translate into Arabic:
1- Exhaust fumes damage health and the environment.
2- it is expected that oil will run out.
B) Translate into English:
ان مشكلة التلوث مشكلة كبيرة للناس و البيئة
